The Electoral College and Conflict in American History and Politics

The historical relationship between the electoral college and controversial U.S. presidential elections, specifically with respect to conflict, is examined. The elections of 1800, 1824, 1860, 1876, 1888, 1968, and 2000 are examined. Aside from the 2000 election, there has been essentially no conflict in American history due to the electoral college. The constitutional structure and thinking behind the form of the electoral college is given, with emphasis on the federal aspects of the structure. The current movement to abolish the electoral college in favor of direct popular vote is depicted, along with the arguments against making that change. The conclusion is that we as a nation are far better off to retain the status quo than to make the called-for change.     

手机短信诈骗及治理对策

随着手机短信业务的发展，利用手机短信进行诈骗的现象也频繁发生。短信诈骗行为的泛滥，不仅严重侵犯了人们的财产权益，而且破坏了正常的社会经济秩序。为有效预防和遏制手机短信诈骗，应强化监管和打击，建立和完善手机号码实名制和储蓄实名制，加强宣传教育，多管齐下，进行综合治理。     

论信用证交易风险

信用证交易被视为国际商业的生命线。它牵涉到复杂的法律关系。受益方如何在交易中做到单证相符,规避欺诈及其它风险,是问题的关键。     

市场经济发展中的金融诈骗及其对策

金融诈骗是社会主义市场经济发展中上升最快、危害极大的经济犯罪现象 ,研究其发生、发展变化的规律并采取相应的防范对策 ,具有特别重要的意义。     

实施干部任用“票决制”应抓好的几个环节

干部任用“票决制”以其特有的优越性与合理性被广泛采用，但在实践中存在消极依赖、简单化操作等倾向，导致票决结果的失真。实施干部任用工作票决制，应抓好民主推荐、组织考察、酝酿协商和集体票决等环节。     

基于信号博弈的卖方欺诈行为分析

本文主要基于信号博弈的卖方欺诈行为进行研究,假设拍卖中可能存在欺诈型和诚实型两种卖家,其中欺诈行为有概率发生在第二价格拍卖中：欺诈型卖方冒充竞拍者递交仅次于最高价的报价从而获得额外收益。两种卖家根据各自效用选择拍卖形式：第一价格或者第二价格。而竞买者将卖者的选择作为信号,更新对卖方类型的判断,然后制定报价策略。这是一个买卖方信号交叉影响的过程。考虑到拍卖过程中买方价值相关性,本文在建立模型中参考了关联价值原理。针对该模型进行分析,得出了不同情况下的买卖方策略,并且研究了买方报价、买方判断、卖方收益三者之间的关系。文中利用贝叶斯公式对双方的策略选择问题进行预测,与单纯的概率分布方法相比,更具实践价值。     

合同纠纷与合同诈骗罪辨析

合同纠纷与合同诈骗是两类既相似又本质不同的法律行为。这两者往往容易混淆,不仅在生活中而且在司法实践中也容易引起歧义。因此,对两者进行认真、全面的分析,把握两者的本质属性和具体特征,分清违法与犯罪的区别,以有利于经济交往、司法活动和法制建设。     

上市公司会计诚信与财务总监(CFO)职责分析

本文对上市公司会计造假与财务总监职责进行了分析,认为利益驱动、法律法规不健全、相关机构及个人商业伦理道德的缺乏、财务总监的职能不到位等是驱动上市公司会计造假的主要原因;而良好伦理素养及相当管理才能是上市公司财务总监应具备的基本素质,对遏制会计造假有着非常重要的作用。     

Both Whistleblowers and the Scientists They Accuse Are Vulnerable and Deserve Protection

Whistleblowers play an important role diagnosing research misconduct, but often experience severe negative consequences. That is also true for incorrectly accused scientists. Both categories are vulnerable and deserve protection. Whistleblowers must proceed carefully and cautiously. Anonymous whistleblowing should be discouraged but cannot be ignored when the allegations are specific, serious, and plausible. When accused of a breach of research integrity it is important to be as transparent as possible. Sometimes accusations are false in the sense that the accuser knows or should know that the allegations are untrue. A mala fide whistleblower typically does not act carefully and we postulate a typology that may help in detecting them. Striking the right balance between whistleblower protection and timely unmasking false and identifying incorrect accusations is a tough dilemma leaders of research institutions have to face.     

合同诈骗犯罪的特点及司法实践中的问题与对策

合同诈骗犯罪严重破坏了社会主义市场经济秩序,影响着市场经济的健康发展。当前形势下,合同诈骗犯罪呈现出了新的特点。司法实践中,在认定合同诈骗犯罪的问题上,存在着法律依据不统一、司法机关认识不一致等问题,为防止合同诈骗,应健全法律和各项规章制度。打击这类犯罪,要标本兼治,重在治本。