网络服务提供者著作权侵权中的双重注意义务

《民法典》侵权责任编对原有通知删除规则进行了科学修正，但事前保护缺位与事后救济程序失范的问题仍然存在。随着网络服务提供者完成角色转型和技术升级，其作为网络侵权风险的控制者和参与者，有必要且有能力承担未通知阶段的主动预防义务和已通知阶段的证明材料审查义务，以弥补著作权保护和用户利益保护的漏洞。双重注意义务应分别与网络服务提供者对侵权危险的预期和控制能力以及材料审查能力相适应。未通知阶段之注意义务以技术措施为主要履行方式，其注意标准的认定应综合考量技术水平、服务类型、内容介入程度、是否直接获取收益等要素，未尽该注意义务仅为过错认定的考量因素而非唯一标准，并不必然导致侵权责任。已通知阶段之注意义务仅限于对提交的证明材料进行形式审查和有限的实质审查，尽到此注意义务的，可以免于承担侵权责任。     

Inference and optimal design of multiple constant-stress testing for generalized half-normal distribution under type-II progressive censoring

The generalized half-normal (GHN) distribution and progressive type-II censoring are considered in this article for studying some statistical inferences of constant-stress accelerated life testing. The EM algorithm is considered to calculate the maximum likelihood estimates. Fisher information matrix is formed depending on the missing information law and it is utilized for structuring the asymptomatic confidence intervals. Further, interval estimation is discussed through bootstrap intervals. The Tierney and Kadane method, importance sampling procedure and Metropolis-Hastings algorithm are utilized to compute Bayesian estimates. Furthermore, predictive estimates for censored data and the related prediction intervals are obtained. We consider three optimality criteria to find out the optimal stress level. A real data set is used to illustrate the importance of GHN distribution as an alternative lifetime model for well-known distributions. Finally, a simulation study is provided with discussion.     

论美国宪法政治形成发展的基础

美国宪法政治形成和发展的原因 ,在于有英国立宪政治的深厚文化与思想做基础 ,在于社会各群体有在法治状态下生活的习惯和传统。济济的法律人才在国家政治制度的设计上起了主导作用 ;社会经济制度为美国的宪法政治确立与发展奠定了坚固的基础 ;国家不豢养和保存大规模的常备军 ,人民的代议机关能牢牢控制国家武装力量 ,尤其能控制国家武装力量的经济命脉。另外 ,北美独立运动不是一场专制王权与民主力量之间的冲突与斗争 ,而是一场殖民地力量壮大以后争取分离的运动     

论法律信仰

法律信仰是法治的灵魂 ,只有在全社会成员中形成法律信仰 ,法治社会才能建成 ;法律信仰是人们对法律的发自内心的虔诚的信任、相信和崇拜 ,它包括对法律的神圣情感、对法律的科学态度和对法律活动的积极参与 ;法治是现代社会的必然选择 ,法治实践又是法律信仰的条件和源泉。     

Computing maximum likelihood estimates from type II doubly censored exponential data

It is well-known that, under Type II double censoring, the maximum likelihood (ML) estimators of the location and scale parameters, θ and δ, of a twoparameter exponential distribution are linear functions of the order statistics. In contrast, when θ is known, theML estimator of δ does not admit a closed form expression. It is shown, however, that theML estimator of the scale parameter exists and is unique. Moreover, it has good large-sample properties. In addition, sharp lower and upper bounds for this estimator are provided, which can serve as starting points for iterative interpolation methods such as regula falsi. Explicit expressions for the expected Fisher information and Cramér-Rao lower bound are also derived. In the Bayesian context, assuming an inverted gamma prior on δ, the uniqueness, boundedness and asymptotics of the highest posterior density estimator of δ can be deduced in a similar way. Finally, an illustrative example is included.     

法治及其与德治关系论

人类关于法的经验和原理,揭示了法治的含义与构成,法治在西方和非西方地区的历史和实践及其与德治的关系表明,法治之法应有道德性,但法治是现代社会的主流控制模式,是未来中国的必由之路。     

论我国法院调解的促进和规范

随着经济的发展 ,法制的完善以及审判方式改革的深化 ,法院调解这一纠纷解决方式以其独特的优点 ,在司法实践中 ,越来越显示其重要性。时代赋予法院调解新的价值的同时 ,也使其原有的法律规定弊端凸现。本文拟从法院调解三原则的地位分析中寻找促进和规范法院调解的途径 ,并运用新证据规则加以落实。     

单位词用法探析

以单位词为中心词的名词词组的深层结构决定单位词的语法特征和语义特征。该深层结构多半可以通过单位词的转换功能映现为主动句或被动句的表层结构。在表层结构中,主语名词除去语法形位后的最后一个音节和谓语动词的第一个音段的组合在语音上是可接纳的。     

On Optimality of Bayesian Wavelet Estimators

Abstract.  We investigate the asymptotic optimality of several Bayesian wavelet estimators, namely, posterior mean, posterior median and Bayes Factor, where the prior imposed on wavelet coefficients is a mixture of a mass function at zero and a Gaussian density. We show that in terms of the mean squared error, for the properly chosen hyperparameters of the prior, all the three resulting Bayesian wavelet estimators achieve optimal minimax rates within any prescribed Besov space     for p  ≥ 2. For 1 ≤  p  < 2, the Bayes Factor is still optimal for (2 s +2)/(2 s +1) ≤  p  < 2 and always outperforms the posterior mean and the posterior median that can achieve only the best possible rates for linear estimators in this case.     

论军校思想政治教育中的“法制权威教育”

分析了加强法制教育、进一步培养生长干部学员法制权威意识的必要性,指出了目前军队院校"法制权威教育"中存在重视程度不够、教育模式较落后、缺少专业军事法律人才培养等问题,提出了加强军队院校"法制权威教育"应从统一思想认识、普及法律意识和规范教育体系等三个层面做好工作等具体措施。