约束优化问题的异步并行拟牛顿方法

提出了一种求解等式约束优化问题的异步并行拟牛顿方法 .若假设目标函数 f和约束函数h至少三次连续可微 ,且△h(x)对任意x∈Rn 均为满秩矩阵 ,证明了所提出的异步并行算法是 q—超线性收敛的 .     

Effects of some design factors on the distribution of similarity indices in cluster analysis

This article investigates the effects of number of clusters, cluster size, and correction for chance agreement on the distribution of two similarity indices, namely, Jaccard and Rand indices. Skewness and kurtosis are calculated for the two indices and their corrected forms then compared with those of the normal distribution. Three clustering algorithms are implemented: complete linkage, Ward, and K-means. Data were randomly generated from bivariate normal distributions with specified means and variance covariance matrices. Three-way ANOVA is performed to assess the significance of the design factors using skewness and kurtosis of the indices as responses. Test statistics for testing skewness and kurtosis and observed power are calculated. Simulation results showed that independent of the clustering algorithms or the similarity indices used, the interaction effect cluster size x number of clusters and the main effects of cluster size and number of clusters were found always significant for skewness and kurtosis. The three way interaction of cluster size x correction x number of clusters was significant for skewness of Rand and Jaccard indices using all clustering algorithms, but was not significant using Ward's method for both Rand and Jaccard indices, while significant for Jaccard only using complete linkage and K-means algorithms. The correction for chance agreement was significant for skewness and kurtosis using Rand and Jaccard indices when complete linkage method is used. Hence, such design factors must be taken into consideration when studying distribution of such indices.     

Generalized minimum aberration mixed-level orthogonal arrays: A general approach based on sequential integer quadratically constrained quadratic programming

Orthogonal fractional factorial designs and in particular orthogonal arrays (OAs) are frequently used in many fields of application, including medicine, engineering, and agriculture. In this article, we present a methodology and an algorithm to find an OA, of given size and strength, which satisfies the generalized minimum aberration criterion. The methodology is based on the joint use of polynomial counting functions, complex coding of levels, and algorithms for quadratic optimization and puts no restriction on the number of levels of each factor.     

交易获利机会损失的侵权损害赔偿

法经济学的一种通行观点认为,交易获利机会的损失在相当大的程度上并非"真实社会成本",而仅仅是不同市场主体之间的转移支付,因此原则上否定此种交易获利机会赔偿的侵权法规则具有合理性。提出该观点的早期文献系统性低估了交易获利机会损失事件引发的"真实社会成本"。实际上,如果坚持使用"真实社会成本"概念对侵权法规则进行分析,最终甚至会导致对物之损害赔偿的传统规则的正当性也发生疑问。适宜的作法是放弃"真实社会成本"概念而代之以"相对社会成本"概念,原则上将成本——收益分析限定于加害人与被害人之间的关系。按照此种思路,除第三人提供交易机会所导致的或具有合同法救济渠道的交易获利机会损失需要特殊处理外,并无效率方面的原则性理由支持侵权法一般性地排除交易获利机会损失的可赔性。     

Selective Maintenance in System Reliability with Random Costs of Repairing and Replacing the Components

In this paper we consider the problem of determining the optimum number of repairable and replaceable components to maximize a system's reliability when both, the cost of repairing the components and the cost of replacement of components by new ones, are random. We formulate it as a problem of non-linear stochastic programming. The solution is obtained through Chance Constrained programming. We also consider the problem of finding the optimal maintenance cost for a given reliability requirement of the system. The solution is then obtained by using Modified E-model. A numerical example is solved for both the formulations.     

The ℓ1 oblique procrustes problem

In this paper, we reconsider the well-known oblique Procrustes problem where the usual least-squares objective function is replaced by a more robust discrepancy measure, based on the ₁ norm or smooth approximations of it.We propose two approaches to the solution of this problem. One approach is based on convex analysis and uses the structure of the problem to permit a solution to the ₁ norm problem. An alternative approach is to smooth the problem by working with smooth approximations to the ₁ norm, and this leads to a solution process based on the solution of ordinary differential equations on manifolds. The general weighted Procrustes problem (both orthogonal and oblique) can also be solved by the latter approach. Numerical examples to illustrate the algorithms which have been developed are reported and analyzed.     

论英汉词语的文化底蕴制约——从White Elephant的释义谈起

white elephant的表层意义明白易懂,而隐含其中的文化涵义却难以从词的表象中揣摩出来;“white elephant＝白象”这种“对等”而有时却大相径庭的语言现象在英汉交际中非常普遍,极易造成交际障碍与失误。词语的文化涵义渗透在语言的各个层面,具有很大的隐蔽性,是一种十分复杂的语言现象。语言学习不能独立于文化之外,文化学习也不能脱离语言实际。据此,本文拟从词语、习语、修辞、句子等四个层面对英汉词语的文化涵义予以比较与分析,以揭示英汉词语的文化差异、追溯其渊源。     

A graphical method for evaluating mixture designs with respect to the slope

Good estimation of the slopes of the mixture response function may be important as well as estimation of mean mixture response. It is possible to evaluate and compare several mixture designs with respect to the slope. A graphical method is proposed that allows us to evaluate a given design's support for the fitted model in terms of slope variance. We can plot variances of slopes along Cox direction or axial direction according to existence of restriction of simplex region or not when comparing several different mixture designs.     

Acute Middle Ear Infection in Small Children: A Bayesian Analysis Using Multiple Time Scales

The study is based on a sample of 965 children living in Oulu region (Finland), who were monitored for acute middle ear infections from birth to the age of two years. We introduce a nonparametrically defined intensity model for ear infections, which involves both fixed and time dependent covariates, such as calendar time, current age, length of breast-feeding time until present, or current type of day care. Unmeasured heterogeneity, which manifests itself in frequent infections in some children and rare in others and which cannot be explained in terms of the known covariates, is modelled by using individual frailty parameters. A Bayesian approach is proposed to solve the inferential problem. The numerical work is carried out by Monte Carlo integration (Metropolis-Hastings algorithm).     

加入WTO后我国合作金融机构面临的挑战、机遇及对策

本文通过分析我国加入WTO后 ,合作金融机构面临的冲击和挑战 ,并根据合作金融机构自身的特点、优势和机遇 ,提出相应的对策、建议