团队生产、计量难题与企业的性质

阿尔奇安和德姆塞茨(1972)从团队生产引发的“计量难题”及其解决机制的角度来解释企业的性质。本文在概述该企业理论的概念框架的基础上,指出了该理论存在的一个缺陷,即它忽视了企业的监督者-剩余索取者和其他成员之间的利益冲突及其解决机制。     

论物上请求权

物上请求权在性质上属于债权 ,其种类应包括返还请求权、妨害除去请求权及妨害预防请求权 ,物上请求权不应适用消灭时效     

A surplus process involving a compound Poisson counting process and applications

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a surplus process involving a compound Poisson counting process, which is a generalization of the classical ruin model where the claim-counting process is a homogeneous Poisson process. The incentive is to model batch arrival of claims using a counting process that is based on a compound distribution. This reduces the difficulty of modeling claim amounts and is consistent with industrial data. Recursive formula, some properties and relevant main ruin theory results are provided. Further, we consider applications involving zero-truncated negative binomial and zero-truncated binomial batch arrivals when the claim amounts follow exponential or Erlang distribution.     

Risk aggregation with dependence and overdispersion based on the compound Poisson INAR(1) process

Abstract

This paper considers an extension of the classical discrete time risk model for which the claim numbers are assumed to be temporal dependence and overdispersion. The risk model proposed is based on the first-order integer-valued autoregressive (INAR(1)) process with discrete compound Poisson distributed innovations. The explicit expression for the moment generating function of the discounted aggregate claim amount is derived. Some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the impacts of dependence and overdispersion on related quantities such as the stop-loss premium, the value at risk and the tail value at risk.     

五四时期张竞生关于性文化的主张

在五四时期的思想家群体中,张竞生是非常引人注目的。他留学法国8年,广泛研究多种学科的理论,形成比较系统的关于性文化的思想,其中主要包括节制生育、优生优育、性教育等方面。这些思想是五四时期激进知识分子探索中国社会进步途径的一个方面,对于社会变迁和文化进步具有积极意义。     

Cohabitation in Great Britain: not for long, but here to stay

This paper uses a new source of data to study the dramatic increase in cohabiting unions in Great Britain. It analyses, in turn, entry into first partnership, the stability of cohabiting unions and repartnering after dissolution of cohabitation. In excess of 70% of first partnerships are now cohabitations, and these last a relatively short time before being either turned into marriage or dissolved. The shift to cohabitation as the dominant mode of first partnership plays an important role in the delay of first marriage and motherhood. The paper also investigates the factors that are associated with the outcome of cohabitations.     

二战后中国及各受害国对日索赔失败的原因

二战结束后,根据盟国达成的协议和有关国际法规定,各受害国家向日本展开了索取战争赔偿工作。在整个索赔过程中,由于各个国家之间的争执,更为主要的是美国从自己的全球利益需要出发,改变了其对日索赔问题的态度,致使索赔工作失败。对日索赔工作的失败原因是复杂的,但毋庸置疑,美国态度的改变是最根本的,最主要的。     

自由与责任:网络空间伦理诉求及其实现策略

习近平在世界互联网大会上的主旨讲话中指出,互联网把世界变成了“鸡犬相闻”的地球村,改变着人们的生产生活,有力推动了社会发展;同时,他又指出,网络空间不是“法外之地”,并明确提出了加强网络空间治理、规范网络空间行为等要求.网络的虚拟性、开放性和交互性,既给人们提供了自由的空间和舞台,又对人们的道德要求和责任担当提出了更高的要求.行为主体网络信息的自由表达有其必要的边界和限度,网络行为中的责任担当对规范网络空间和现实社会的有序发展存在着积极的应然价值,自由与责任构建了网络空间最基本的伦理诉求.     

从实务案例出发谈债务加入的认定方式与追偿问题

关于债务加入虽然我国法律上并无明文规定,但自“苏高发审委[2005]16号纪要”首先提出来之后,无论是法学理论上还是法律实务上均成为讨论和应用的热点。笔者以审判实践中遇到的一种特殊情况为出发点,旨在通过争议焦点分析的方式对债权人做出的替保证人还款这一情况应认定为债务加入,并以案例分析的方式系统的展示债务加入的认定方式,并在最后分析了债务加入人履行了债务之后应如何追偿的问题,希望能够作为在实务中分析认定债务加入的有效借鉴。     

权利主张问题分析

权利主张不同于权利,它是一种尚未法定化的利益诉求。近些年来,社会上出现了名目繁多的权利诉求,这些以权利为名的诉求是没有上升为法定权利的权利主张,对这些权利主张进行实证分析,包括它的含义、特征、类型以及在现代社会的存在状况,在此基础上分析它上升为法定权利要考虑的因素对我国社会转型时期的法治建设具有重要意义。