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1.
AbstractCharacterizing relations via Rényi entropy of m-generalized order statistics are considered along with examples and related stochastic orderings. Previous results for common order statistics are included. 相似文献
2.
关于经济停滞问题的探讨是对马克思主义经济危机理论的传承。2008年金融危机爆发十余年,资本主义经济停滞趋于常态化。积累的社会结构理论从资本积累与支撑这一积累的制度环境之间的矛盾出发,发现了主流经济学探讨资本主义经济停滞所忽略的制度性因素。积累的社会结构学派沿着"中间层次"的路径,将2008年金融危机界定为系统性的结构危机,认为新自由主义SSA的失灵是此次经济停滞持续的原因。资本主义经济停滞引发欧美发达资本主义国家的社会治理危机升级,一系列政治、社会和文化危机不断加剧。积累的社会结构理论从微观层面深刻把握了资本主义制度转型的轨迹,但并未深入探讨开展根本的制度变革。在面临百年未有之大变局的时代境遇下,中国在参与全球治理的过程中不断探索并推动世界经济政治新秩序朝着更加公正、合理的方向发展。 相似文献
3.
Stephen J. Ruberg Frank E. Harrell Jr. Margaret Gamalo-Siebers Lisa LaVange J. Jack Lee Karen Price 《The American statistician》2019,73(1):319-327
ABSTRACTThe cost and time of pharmaceutical drug development continue to grow at rates that many say are unsustainable. These trends have enormous impact on what treatments get to patients, when they get them and how they are used. The statistical framework for supporting decisions in regulated clinical development of new medicines has followed a traditional path of frequentist methodology. Trials using hypothesis tests of “no treatment effect” are done routinely, and the p-value < 0.05 is often the determinant of what constitutes a “successful” trial. Many drugs fail in clinical development, adding to the cost of new medicines, and some evidence points blame at the deficiencies of the frequentist paradigm. An unknown number effective medicines may have been abandoned because trials were declared “unsuccessful” due to a p-value exceeding 0.05. Recently, the Bayesian paradigm has shown utility in the clinical drug development process for its probability-based inference. We argue for a Bayesian approach that employs data from other trials as a “prior” for Phase 3 trials so that synthesized evidence across trials can be utilized to compute probability statements that are valuable for understanding the magnitude of treatment effect. Such a Bayesian paradigm provides a promising framework for improving statistical inference and regulatory decision making. 相似文献
4.
A. Knobel’ 《Russian social science review : a journal of translations》2019,60(2):137-161
This article analyzes the development prospects and problems for the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It examines issues of integration within the EAEU, as well as interactions with other countries, both CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) and non-CIS. The main problem of integration within the EAEU is the dominance of redistributive motives over productive ones. This article assesses the extent of Russian oil and gas transfers to EAEU partners and the impact of tax maneuvers on their size. It shows that the creation of mechanisms for redistributing profits within the EAEU will allow a positive economic effect to materialize from free trade agreements with non-CIS countries. The article assesses the risks for the EAEU related to Russia’s introduction of a unilateral ban on food imports from countries on the sanctions list and to the possible establishment of tariffs on trade with Ukraine. 相似文献
5.
Laurent Gardes Stéphane Girard Gilles Stupfler 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2020,47(3):922-949
The conditional tail expectation (CTE) is an indicator of tail behavior that takes into account both the frequency and magnitude of a tail event. However, the asymptotic normality of its empirical estimator requires that the underlying distribution possess a finite variance; this can be a strong restriction in actuarial and financial applications. A valuable alternative is the median shortfall (MS), although it only gives information about the frequency of a tail event. We construct a class of tail Lp-medians encompassing the MS and CTE. For p in (1,2), a tail Lp-median depends on both the frequency and magnitude of tail events, and its empirical estimator is, within the range of the data, asymptotically normal under a condition weaker than a finite variance. We extrapolate this estimator and another technique to extreme levels using the heavy-tailed framework. The estimators are showcased on a simulation study and on real fire insurance data. 相似文献
6.
任帅军 《上海理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2020,42(1):59-66
《1844年经济学哲学手稿》和《神圣家族》都是马克思主义创始人早期思想的代表性著作,二者都把“生活”作为重要概念进行论述。从作为经济学哲学概念到作为社会批判概念,马克思主义创始人对“生活”的认识经历了从对物质生产活动的重视到对无产阶级普遍贫困生活的揭露,从分析“生产生活”的异化到对“非人性”生活的批判,从“生活的手段”到消灭“非人性的生活条件”的思想历程。人类的历史是人类生活发展的历史。解决人的美好生活如何实现的问题,在马克思恩格斯的生活思想中居于核心地位,这对当今中国具有重要的理论指导价值。中国特色社会主义进入新时代,从开启一种全新文明的生活形态的高度来理解新时代的美好生活,才能准确把握我国社会主要矛盾变化的深刻意义。 相似文献
7.
郝卯亮 《山西农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2002,1(2):140-143
本文提出目前经济活动中签订合同出现的种种陷阱及防范措施 ,目的在于增加经济合同签订中的法律意识 ,维护经济合同的平等互利、自愿协商、等价有偿、诚实守信的原则 相似文献
8.
FDI与上海经济增长关系的实证分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
张铁铸 《同济大学学报(社会科学版)》2005,16(2):121-124
本文根据1991~2002年上海的外商直接投资(FDI)和GDP时间序列数据,研究了FDI与上海经济增长之间的关系。研究结果表明,上海经济增长与FDI之间并不存在直接的因果关系。FDI对上海经济增长的直接作用并不明显,我们认为FDI对经济的推动作用体现在其“溢出效应”上。 相似文献
9.
Modelling daily multivariate pollutant data at multiple sites 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
Gavin Shaddick Jon Wakefield 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》2002,51(3):351-372
Summary. This paper considers the spatiotemporal modelling of four pollutants measured daily at eight monitoring sites in London over a 4-year period. Such multiple-pollutant data sets measured over time at multiple sites within a region of interest are typical. Here, the modelling was carried out to provide the exposure for a study investigating the health effects of air pollution. Alternative objectives include the design problem of the positioning of a new monitoring site, or for regulatory purposes to determine whether environmental standards are being met. In general, analyses are hampered by missing data due, for example, to a particular pollutant not being measured at a site, a monitor being inactive by design (e.g. a 6-day monitoring schedule) or because of an unreliable or faulty monitor. Data of this type are modelled here within a dynamic linear modelling framework, in which the dependences across time, space and pollutants are exploited. Throughout the approach is Bayesian, with implementation via Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. 相似文献
10.
Computing maximum likelihood estimates from type II doubly censored exponential data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Arturo J. fernández José I. Bravo Íñigo De Fuentes 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2002,11(2):187-200
It is well-known that, under Type II double censoring, the maximum likelihood (ML) estimators of the location and scale parameters, θ and δ, of a twoparameter exponential distribution are linear functions
of the order statistics. In contrast, when θ is known, theML estimator of δ does not admit a closed form expression. It is shown, however, that theML estimator of the scale parameter exists and is unique. Moreover, it has good large-sample properties. In addition, sharp
lower and upper bounds for this estimator are provided, which can serve as starting points for iterative interpolation methods
such as regula falsi. Explicit expressions for the expected Fisher information and Cramér-Rao lower bound are also derived.
In the Bayesian context, assuming an inverted gamma prior on δ, the uniqueness, boundedness and asymptotics of the highest
posterior density estimator of δ can be deduced in a similar way. Finally, an illustrative example is included. 相似文献