CELEBRATING HETEROGENEITY?: A survey of female ICT professionals in England

This paper introduces key findings from a large-scale, online survey of women in the ICT industry across England undertaken between October 2004 and October 2005. Placed in a theoretical framework which draws on critical perspectives from within information systems (IS), and the sociology of gender and of technology, the authors examine some of the issues faced by female ICT professionals. The context for this paper is the ongoing under-representation of women in the ICT industry in England, and the difficulties that the industry is having retaining women, particularly at senior levels. Data are presented on the demographic composition of women in the ICT industry in England. In addition the authors focus on their management of domestic and caring responsibilities, including changes in working practices they have experienced as a result of these responsibilities. These data are particularly pertinent given current government and industry debates regarding the 'work-life balance' and 'flexible working' in the ICT industry, partially as a response to the need for a more diverse ICT workforce. Alongside information on the career histories of female ICT professionals, the authors review their perceptions of pay and reward packages, working environments, the skills they hold, and the recognition they may or may not receive in their current posts. They present reports of a 'long-hours' and 'presenteeism' culture in the ICT industry, and the existence of gendered informal networks in ICT. They also examine female ICT professionals' perceptions of the current and future-possible image of the industry. The findings highlight the continued masculinization of ICT work, and some of the difficulties faced by women working in what remain statistically and symbolically male-dominated environments.     

The econometrics of female labor supply and children

This is a survey of applied econometric research on the effects of children on female labor supply. Reasons for interest in the topic, and a basic model and terminology, are reviewed. Concerns are raised about the possible endogeneity of child status variables, and about the instrumental variables approach for dealing with this problem. Alternative ways of conceptualizing and estimating child status effects are considered, together with selected empirical evidence. Relevant developments from the household demand literature are summarized. Basic issues of model choice are also discussed.     

女性生命本真的书写——论萧红小说的创作

萧红是一位体验型、情绪型的极富才华的现代女作家。她的一生颠沛流离、短促悲凉, 饱受离家出走的寂寞、孤独和痛苦。萧红的小说创作是她的悲剧人生的真实写照。她以自己悲剧 性的人生感受和独特的女性生命体验,观照她所熟悉的乡土社会的生命形态和生存境遇,揭露和 批判国民性弱点,抒写着人的悲剧、特别是女性的悲剧,从而使其小说获得一种浓烈而深沉的悲 剧意蕴和独特而丰厚的文化内涵。     

试论九十年代女作家物质性写作

进入九十年代以来,女性写作比以往任何阶段都显得更加色彩纷呈.九十年代的女作家已经不再是一些脆弱的自恋主义者或痛苦的理想主义者,她们的作品也呈现出更为强烈的个人化色彩.在真实的社会生活面前,她们已日益学会在现实的物质关系中重新叩问性别的意义.     

重估现代女作家的出现——以新文学期刊(1917-1925)中的女作者创作为视点

"五四"新文化运动中,进入学堂学习的女学生迅速成为了新文学杂志的重要作者,在女作家成长的过程中,新文学期刊及其主办者、编辑者的帮助和扶持起了十分重要的作用。女作者们借助现代出版的平台走向社会,走向读者,以集体的方式浮出历史地表,成为中国现代文学史上的第一代女作家。     

《说文解字》“女”部字及其文化内涵

《说文解字》是我国析字形、解字义、辨读音的文字学专著。本文在对284个《说文解字》中“女”部字及女性文化相关字进行全面考察的基础上,依据《说文解字》中“以类相从,以义相贯”的分类原则,建构“女”部字分类体系,将其分为姓名、称谓、婚嫁、女性价值评判标准、中性字五个类别;通过《说文解字》与《现代汉语词典》中“女”部字对比,研究“女”部字形义变化;探讨“女”部字中反映出的古代女性主流社会地位和古代婚姻制度。     

身体、权力与教育：哈萨克族古代传统女性的养成

女性教育尤其是少数族群的女性教育是近些年学界讨论的热点问题之一。女性教育研究在关注当前之外，还应将视野扩宽至过去，以求对女性现状与发展有更为清楚的理解。文章以哈萨克族为例，解读哈萨克古代传统女性教育形成的深层原因。通过研究得知：在哈萨克族古代传统社会，女性的培养直接受制于其身体资本的制约，并受由身体资本弱势所致的权力资本丧失的限制。     

人性·雌性·传统——严歌苓小说《第九个寡妇》的文化心理解读

严歌苓惯于以旁观者的身份冷眼讲述故事,但《第九个寡妇》却是一部充满鲜活生活气息的暖色调的小说。作者写出了在人性透视下的中国乡间仁义、保守的文化心理特征,同时对充满魅惑力量的雌性尽情讴歌与赞颂。     

Does the availability of child care influence the employment of mothers? Findings from western Germany

There is a vast empirical literature investigating the effects of child care costson female employment. Day-care costs are usually treated as a reduction infemale wages and are supposed to reduce a woman's propensity to participatein the labor market. In this paper we argue that an analysis of the effects ofchild care on the employment of mothers in Germany should focus on theavailability rather than the affordability of care, due to peculiarities of theGerman day-care regime. Our empirical findings cast doubt on the effectivenessof the current German day-care regime. Specifically, we question the extent towhich it enables mothers to participate in the labor market.     

大学生犯罪与高校思想道德教育改革

近几年来,在校大学生犯罪渐呈高发趋势,引起了教育行政部门和高校的广泛关注。分析了大学生犯罪的现状和犯罪成因,阐述了大学生犯罪与高校思想道德教育之间的密切关系。在此基础上,指出了目前高校思想道德教育中存在的一些问题,并有针对性地提出了改革建议,以期能对高校预防大学生犯罪有所裨益。