Response strategy to environment context factors using a lean and agile approach: Implications for firm performance

Based on the environment-strategy performance perspective and dynamic capabilities framework, we develop a theoretical model and hypotheses specifying how supply chain collaboration as a response to environment context factors – competitive intensity, supply uncertainty, technological turbulence and market turbulence, using a lean and agile strategy may influence firm performance. We test the model using partial least square structural equation modelling on data collected from a field survey with responses from 152 manufacturing firms representing a variety of industries. Empirical findings generally support the relationship between collaboration and firm performance using a lean and agile strategy. Also, for firms in industries that face environments characterised by high supply uncertainty and competitive intensity with, technological turbulence, the study finds evidence of a direct relationship between these environmental factors and supply chain collaboration. The findings provide an initial strategic response framework for appropriately aligning a lean and agile supply chain strategy through collaboration with environment context factors to achieve firm performance improvements.     

企业成长过程中组织结构演进规律及动因

阐述企业成长过程中组织结构的演变规律,运用管理学及经济学相关理论,揭示组织结构演变的内在动因。分析表明,随着企业的成长,组织结构呈现从直线职能制到事业部制的规律性变化,从管理学意义上,这种变化极大地降低了生产成本和流通费用,从而取得了管理协调的“速度经济”;从经济学意义上,则意味着管理分工导致企业运营效率提高;更深层次看,是一个分权的、控制权较为明晰的组织模式被逐渐使用,最终导致一个均衡权力结构模型———联邦分权式事业部制的产生。     

Firm-level training in local economic systems: Complementarities in production and firm innovation strategies

The paper presents a conceptual review over the main aspects concerning the role of human capital investments and training activities within production processes, followed by empirical evidence on two local economic systems in Northern Italy, based on recent survey data. Theoretical and empirical considerations are brought together in order to provide new insights on the role of training and the factors associated to training activities at firm level.The potential driving factors of training here analysed compounds structural characteristics, labour demand dynamics, human resource management practices, workforce features, and firm performances. We observe that training activities emerge positively associated with high-performance practices, innovative labour demand features, workforce skill level, firm size, and are affected by labour flexibility in various directions. Empirical evidence confirms most previous results but also adds further important insights. The analysis suggests that a widening gap, between few innovatively evolving and many stagnant firms, could characterise the future dynamics of the Region. The high relevance of structural variables, labour demand factors and HRM/innovation practices shows that regional industrial policies and labour policies should be jointly implemented for increasing potential firm productivity. This is a key concern for the current debate on local systems economic development in the European and Italian environment.     

Higher education outcomes, graduate employment and university performance indicators

Summary.  Official employment-related performance indicators in UK higher education are based on the population of students responding to the 'First destination supplement' (FDS). This generates potentially biased performance indicators as this population of students is not necessarily representative of the full population of leavers from each institution. University leavers who do not obtain qualifications and those who do not respond to the FDS are not included within the official analysis. We compare an employment-related performance indicator based on those students who responded to the FDS with alternative approaches which address the potential non-random nature of this subgroup of university leavers.     

基于层次分析法的职务绩效定量分析

针对企业绩效评价中存在的问题,引用管理决策的层次分析法,从系统论的角度,对企业职务绩效指标进行整体分析和比较,更为科学地确定了绩效体系中各指标的权重。     

企业的合约经济理论探索和统计检验

对企业本质的认识是微观经济学中的一个重要问题,其对中国的国企改革有着重要意义。本文中,我们对企业的合约本质进行了经济理论探索和统计检验,并突出关注企业的激励合约问题。     

略论艺术的分类法

本文论述了中外艺术的多元分类法,对其进行科学、系统地对照比较,并结合中外艺术发展的现状和艺术教育的实际情况提出自己的见解,即艺术四大门类分类法是当今较为科学、较易接受、较能应用的艺术分类法.并在四大门类划分的基础上,对各门类中的艺术科目进行了重新整合和构建.     

不同添加剂预混料对哺乳仔猪生产性能的影响

以窝为单位将 70窝哺乳仔猪随机分为 7组 ,设 1个对照组 (试验I组 ) ,6个试验组。试验组分别添加 2 0 0mg/kg派富 (含芽胞杆菌等复合微生态制剂 ) (Ⅱ )、1%的甲酸吡啶铬 2 0 0mg/kg(Ⅲ )、2 0mg/kg泰乐菌素 (Ⅳ )、1%中药免疫增强剂 (黄芪、远智等复合中草药 ) (Ⅴ )、1%的益康XP(酵母培养物 ) (Ⅵ )以及 2 0mg/kg的硝呋烯宗 (Ⅶ )。经过 15d的试验 ,其结果表明 :试验组较对照组提高日增重 11.37% - 34.12 % ,其中Ⅴ、Ⅵ组达到显著水平 (p <0 .0 5 ) ;提高采食量 1.5 9% - 12 .30 % ;降低饲料增重比 8.4 % - 2 0 .2 0 % ;降低仔猪腹泻频次 10 .34- 31.0 3%。经无菌粪样检验 ,试验各组大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、葡萄球菌数均低于对照组 ,差异不显著 (p >0 .0 5 ) ;而乳酸杆菌、双岐杆菌均高于对照组 ,差异不显著 (p >0 .0 5 )。经部分血液指标分析 ,试验各组的血液各项理化指标均在正常范围内 ,且各组间差异不显著 (p >0 .0 5 )。     

How can David orchestrate resources to enhance firm performance? A dynamic approach to coping with resource constraints

Given that the possession of abundant resources does not always guarantee superior firm performance, this study proposes a dynamic approach to enhancing firm value. Building on the resource orchestration thesis, we investigate how firms facing resource constraints enhance their capabilities over time by orchestrating resources and how this resource orchestration can play a role in improving firm performance. Using the dynamic perspective, this study identifies four resource orchestration modes, which are specified based on how a given firm dynamically allocates its resources to technology (enacted by R&D activities) and marketing (enacted by advertising activities). Accordingly, we claim that firms with resource constraints can enhance their performance by escalating or altering their resources over time. To test our hypotheses, we used a sample of 4078 small and medium-sized enterprises in manufacturing industries between 1984 and 2018. We found that focus escalation for technology positively affects firm performance, captured by Tobin's q, and that focus alternation toward either technology or market is positively related to firm performance. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.     

基于网络的企业营销活动实证分析

网络的应用对企业传统的营销方式产生了冲击。本文利用对近百家企业问卷调查获得的数据,运用实证的方法,证明了我国企业由于使用网络改善了其营销活动并有利于提高了营销绩效,并进一步分析了客户关系管理与信息管理在网络环境下职能的变化。