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This paper proposes ‘comprehensive neighbourhood mapping’ as a schema for gathering and interpreting information within a given geographical area which is informed by imaginative thinking about the safety of children and young people from sexual crime. It would build upon current forms of profiling by local authorities, health authorities and central Government. CNM would actively involve local people, in partnership with agencies, in ‘mapping’ danger points and support points. Eight components are discussed, including environmental issues, locations of sex offenders, sites where teenagers meet and share information, supportive individuals and organizations. Some issues for pilot projects are discussed, including the need to set up planning and implementation groups and to integrate CNM into wider child protection and community safety strategies. CNM is grounded in an ecological perspective which sees partnership approaches as essential and believes an overarching view of neighbourhood needs, based on detailed local information and understanding of how different forms of harm interconnect, is crucial in developing child protection strategies. At times of acute official anxiety about community ‘lynch‐mob’ reactions to known paedophiles, CNM aims to build communities which instead are informed and thoughtful about child protection. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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王祖龙 《三峡大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2008,30(3):106-110
旋形图式和旋形装饰是楚器物装饰的一种普遍现象,它是由楚人创造的、普遍流行于春秋战国时期的一种富有时代气息的新样式,是对原始旋纹的继承和发展。透过形态看观念,楚旋形图式既内含着楚文化的宇宙哲学观念,又因表征楚风楚俗而隐含了楚人的宗教信仰。作为较早出现的结构样式,它对秦汉以及后世中国传统装饰艺术产生了巨大影响。 相似文献
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Lindsey A. Foreman Adrian F. M. Smith & Ian W. Evett 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society)》1997,160(3):429-459
The utilization of DNA evidence in cases of forensic identification has become widespread over the last few years. The strength of this evidence against an individual standing trial is typically presented in court in the form of a likelihood ratio (LR) or its reciprocal (the profile match probability). The value of this LR will vary according to the nature of the genetic relationship between the accused and other possible perpetrators of the crime in the population. This paper develops ideas and methods for analysing data and evaluating LRs when the evidence is based on short tandem repeat profiles, with special emphasis placed on a Bayesian approach. These are then applied in the context of a particular quadruplex profiling system used for routine case-work by the UK Forensic Science Service. 相似文献
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Jelena V. Vlajic Sander W.M. van Lokven René Haijema Jack G.A.J. van der Vorst 《生产规划与管理》2013,24(8-9):785-799
High effectiveness and leanness of modern supply chains (SCs) increase their vulnerability, i.e. susceptibility to disturbances reflected in non-robust SC performances. Both the SC management literature and SC professionals indicate the need for the development of SC vulnerability assessment tools. In this article, a new method for vulnerability assessment, the VULA method, is presented. The VULA method helps to identify how much a company would underperform on a specific Key Performance Indicator in the case of a disturbance, how often this would happen and how long it would last. It ultimately informs the decision about whether process redesign is appropriate and what kind of redesign strategies should be used in order to increase the SC's robustness. The applicability of the VULA method is demonstrated in the context of a meat SC using discrete-event simulation to conduct the performance analysis. 相似文献
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转喻机制具有普遍性,也存在于翻译过程中。在回顾前人研究的基础上,对翻译转喻现象进行了基本的分类,并从范畴化和认知语法角度分别对存在于词汇和句子层面的翻译转喻现象进行了分析。翻译转喻涉及音、形、意三个方面,研究发现:1)其主要实现途径包括整体代部分、部分代整体以及部分代部分;2)翻译转喻依托范畴化结构,尤其是当两种文化存在通用图式的情况下,翻译转喻就是对原语范畴之外其他级别范畴或同一级别其他范畴成员的凸显及在译语中的映射;3)增译、减译、转换等技巧是翻译转喻思维的具体方法论,其使用会导致译语概念结构出现不同程度的调整。研究成果对认知语言学、翻译学研究具有一定的启示意义。 相似文献
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Fitting Weibull duration models with random effects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Duration time models often should include correlated failure times, due to clustered data. These random effects hierarchical models sometimes are called frailty models when used for survival analyses. The data analyzed here involve such correlations because patient level outcomes (the times until graft failure following kidney transplantation) are observed, but patients are clustered in different transplant centers. We describe fitting such models by combining two kinds of software, one for parametric survival regression models, and the other for doing Poisson regression in a hierarchical setting. The latter is implemented by using PRIMM (Poisson Regression and Interactive Multilevel Modeling) methods and software (Christiansen & Morris, 1994a). An illustrative example for profiling data is included withk=11 kidney transplant centers andN=412 patients. 相似文献
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Dounia Bourabain Pieter-Paul Verhaeghe 《Journal of ethnic and migration studies》2019,45(11):2026-2044
Although we live in a society that pictures itself as antiracial and gender equal, research has shown that subtle forms of discrimination persist and affect the everyday life of ethnic minorities and women. This study investigates everyday discrimination while shopping in clothing stores of different price ranges from an intersectional perspective looking at ethnic and gender discrimination. To measure discrimination, we performed situation tests among 301 salesclerks. Results show that customers from Maghrebi descent receive unfavourable treatment in comparison with their Belgian counterparts when they ask for their clothing size. Furthermore, they are greeted or approached less often and are more surveilled and followed by salesclerks. Gender follows a specific pattern. Men are significantly more greeted and approached than women within both Maghrebi and Belgian groups. Moreover, men are more stared at and followed by the shop assistant, but this is only significant for the Maghrebi group. There is no difference in receiving help between men and women within both groups. In general, the intensity and form of discrimination tend to be subtler and lower in high-end than low-end stores. 相似文献
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Helena Kotthaus Ingo Korb Michel Lang Bernd Bischl Jörg Rahnenführer Peter Marwedel 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2015,85(1):14-29
R is a multi-paradigm language with a dynamic type system, different object systems and functional characteristics. These characteristics support the development of statistical algorithms at a high level of abstraction. Although R is commonly used in the statistics domain a big disadvantage are its runtime problems when handling computation-intensive algorithms. Especially in the domain of machine learning the execution of pure R programs is often unacceptably slow. Our long-term goal is to resolve these issues and in this contribution we used the traceR tool to analyse the bottlenecks arising in this domain. Here we measured the runtime and overall memory consumption on a well-defined set of classical machine learning applications and gained detailed insights into the performance issues of these programs. 相似文献