《围城》与《四世同堂》讽刺艺术之比较

<围城>与<四世同堂>是在讽刺艺术方面取得卓越成就的优秀之作.两部作品在讽刺视角、讽刺形象的塑造、讽刺哲理思索等方面均有不同之处,在讽刺艺术内在指向上也存在差异.     

性观念:70后和80后的比较——基于CGSS2005数据的分析

当前中国社会有关70后和80后之间的各种争论层出不穷,主要集中在性观念等道德观的层面,例如,许多人认为80后在性观念上面比70后更为开放,但是缺乏严谨的数据论证。因此,本文使用CGSS(中国综合社会调查)2005年的数据对此进行了分析,发现70后、80后这种基于年龄的代际概念并没有统计上的意义,即在控制相关变量后,这两个年龄阶段群体的性观念开放程度并不存在显著的差异。     

On artistic and cultural generations in Northeastern Tibet

Beginning in the 1980s, and continuing for over three decades since, a particular generation of Tibetans from the Northeastern Tibetan region known as Amdo, and particularly from the northern parts of China’s Qinghai province, has proven extremely productive. Why has this generation, born primarily between 1959 and 1967, been so incredibly successful? This article examines the contextual factors that may have contributed to the incredible success of this generation. This ranges from the policies and circumstances that affected their births, and the state of the cultural field at the time they reached adulthood. Personal experience narratives, autobiographies, and scholarly studies then reveal how this generation was able to access the intellectual field. Finally, I briefly discuss how the Amdo Tibetan intellectual field compares with other Tibetan and ethnic experiences in the People’s Republic of China.     

The academic attitudes of American teenagers, 1990–2002: Cohort and gender effects on math achievement

Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 and the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, I compare the academic attitudes of high school students from Generation X and the Millennial Generation. I then analyze the effects these attitudes have on mathematics achievement test scores. Compared to the earlier group, students in the later cohort were less likely to indicate academic reasons for attending school and largely perceived their friends as being less engaged academically. Students in both cohorts whose friends held academic values experienced an increase in math scores. The more students in the earlier cohort disagreed that they came to school for academic reasons, the more their math scores decreased; this relationship did not appear for the later cohort. Females in each cohort showed stronger academic attitudes than males; additionally, believing that popularity was important was associated with lower test scores for females, but not males, in the Millennial cohort.     

论建国后党对“科教兴国”战略的探索

“科教兴国”战略是新时期我党的治国方略,它的形成是建国后党的三代领导人艰苦探索的结果。其中以毛泽东为代表的第一代领导人奠定了新中国科技教育发展的基础;以邓小平为核心的党的第二代领导人构建了“科教兴国”战略的理论体系;以江泽民为核心的党的第三代领导集体对邓小平理论的丰富和发展、实践与创新,使实施“科教兴国”战略由理论变成了现实,化作全国人民的共同行动。     

Intergenerational resource tensions in the workplace and beyond: Individual,interpersonal, institutional,international

The workforce is rapidly aging. Already at record highs, labor force participation rates of both over-55 and over-65 age segments are expected to nearly double in the immediate future. The current chapter describes how these sweeping demographic changes necessitate both the unprecedented utilization of older workers and intergenerational collaboration, but also present the danger of heightened generational tension. We describe the specific risk factors for such tensions, highlighting the presence of generational boundaries at multiple levels: (a) individual, (b) interpersonal, (c) institutional, and (d) international. Drawing from our own work and relevant management literature, we then identify three broad domains within which intergenerational tensions are particularly salient at each of these levels: active Succession tensions over enviable resources and influence (e.g., employment), passive Consumption tensions over shared asset usage (e.g., healthcare) and symbolic Identity tensions over figurative space (e.g., cultural fit) (SCI). We conclude with suggestions for potential interventions, and major open areas for future organizational research, both of which should focus on how to maximize the utility of unprecedented intergenerational collaboration.     

Changing Patterns of Religious Affiliation,Religiosity, and Marital Dissolution: A 35-Year Study of Three-Generation Families

This article examines multiple aspects of religion and the risk of marital dissolution with a life course lens. Relying on the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSOG), 1971 to 2005, we explore the effects of religion on the risk of first marital dissolution. Using discrete time-logit analysis, we find that the effect of religion and religiosity on divorce and separation were not significant, after controlling for sociodemographic factors, such as gender, ethnicity, marriage cohort, education, presence of children, household income, and employment status. Our findings support exchange theory that emphasizes educational and financial resources as key factors in divorce rather than religion or religiosity.     

谱牒：无形的“祖宗言”

族谱之所以被视"无形的祖宗言",是因为其背后隐含有众多的历史文化信息,不仅可以印证客家民系大迁徙的历史路线,更揭示出这个民系的精神承传。既往关于族谱真伪的争论,每每忽略了其所能揭示出的历史深度、思想内容,以及社会与文化的意义。只有超越这一樊篱,对族谱的研究方能有真正的拓展与突破。     

“这回还得求救于北平”——老舍创作《四世同堂》的心态及动因探源

抗战后期,老舍在重庆北碚创作的《四世同堂》,是他经过艰难而曲折的阵痛后,从为抗战服务的通俗文艺转向文学生命本真的小说的集大成者;而妻子胡絜青从北平的到来,则弥合了老舍在沦陷区生活经历的匮乏和北平故土记忆的遥远,从而使沦陷区人民的苦难与抗争,在他笔下的北平市民的日常生活里得到了充分的展示,从中也映照出他们夫妻患难真情的身影。     

东边日出西边雨——《激流三部曲》和《四世同堂》的比较分析

巴金的《激流三部曲》和老舍的《四世同堂》是诞生于20世纪中国的两部长篇巨著.两部小说都讲述了一个封建大家庭的兴衰荣辱,展现了在封建制度奴役下,在战争的摧残下,中国人的国民性格.但是,由于作者的写作目的不同,故事发生的背景不同,两部小说在主题提炼和人物形象塑造上呈现出不同的风格特点.