Out-of-Sample Performance of Discrete-Time Spot Interest Rate Models

We provide a comprehensive analysis of the out-of-sample performance of a wide variety of spot rate models in forecasting the probability density of future interest rates. Although the most parsimonious models perform best in forecasting the conditional mean of many financial time series, we find that the spot rate models that incorporate conditional heteroscedasticity and excess kurtosis or heavy tails have better density forecasts. Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity significantly improves the modeling of the conditional variance and kurtosis, whereas regime switching and jumps improve the modeling of the marginal density of interest rates. Our analysis shows that the sophisticated spot rate models in the existing literature are important for applications involving density forecasts of interest rates.     

On Estimating the Integrated Co-Volatility Using Noisy High-Frequency Data with Jumps

In this article, we consider the estimation of covariation of two asset prices which contain jumps and microstructure noise, based on high-frequency data. We propose a realized covariance estimator, which combines pre-averaging method to remove the microstructure noise and the threshold method to reduce the jumps effect. The asymptotic properties, such as consistency and asymptotic normality, are investigated. The estimator allows very general structure of jumps, for example, infinity activity or even infinity variation. Simulation is also included to illustrate the performance of the proposed procedure.     

基于带跳时变系数模型的PPI与CPI相关性研究

2008年以来,我国PPI与CPI走势出现了多次背离与分化,从整体上看,两者相关性很弱。但从动态视角来看,由于相关关系可能会因时而变,整体相关性有可能被关系本身的方向和强弱变化所削弱甚至掩盖。为准确反映两者相关性的动态变化,本文放宽时变系数函数的光滑性假设,提出了带跳时变系数模型,并给出一种非参数三步估计方法：首先,估计系数函数中跳点的位置和个数;然后,基于估计的跳点和Bootstrap方法选择的窗宽给出系数函数的最终估计;最后,利用蒙特卡洛模拟评价本文提出的非参数估计和窗宽选择方法的有限样本性质。通过对2008年1月至2017年12月我国PPI和CPI月度同比数据的实证分析,我们发现该模型能较好地刻画PPI与CPI相关性的时变和带跳特征,进而也验证了该模型的应用价值。     

基于门限双幂变差的资产价格时点波动非参数估计

估计带跳资产价格的时点波动时,需要用门限过滤方法消除跳的影响。在有限样本下,门限过滤会产生错滤偏误和漏虑偏误,降低估计精度。跳错滤产生的偏误可通过对错滤样本进行补足的方法进行纠偏,但由于发生时点未知,跳漏滤产生的偏误无法纠正,只能通过估计量设计来减少漏滤偏误。本文首次提出基于门限双幂变差的时点波动估计量,采用核平滑方法对资产价格时点波动进行非参数估计,有效减少跳错滤导致的偏误。采用随机阵列极限理论,本文证明了估计量的一致性和渐进正态性,在分析有限样本偏误的基础上,给出估计量的纠偏方法。蒙特卡洛模拟表明,本文给出的估计量,漏滤偏误明显小于基于二次变差构造的估计量,对时点波动估计的性质具有实质改进。采用Kupiec动态VaR精度检验对沪深300指数的实证分析表明,本文给出的时点波动估计更能描述资产收益的波动特征。     

The Relationship between the Volatility of Returns and the Number of Jumps in Financial Markets

We propose a methodology to employ high frequency financial data to obtain estimates of volatility of log-prices which are not affected by microstructure noise and Lévy jumps. We introduce the “number of jumps” as a variable to explain and predict volatility and show that the number of jumps in SPY prices is an important variable to explain the daily volatility of the SPY log-returns, has more explanatory power than other variables (e.g., high and low, open and close), and has a similar explanatory power to that of the VIX. Finally, the number of jumps is very useful to forecast volatility and contains information that is not impounded in the VIX.     

Modified repeated median filters

We discuss moving window techniques for fast extraction of a signal composed of monotonic trends and abrupt shifts from a noisy time series with irrelevant spikes. Running medians remove spikes and preserve shifts, but they deteriorate in trend periods. Modified trimmed mean filters use a robust scale estimate such as the median absolute deviation about the median (MAD) to select an adaptive amount of trimming. Application of robust regression, particularly of the repeated median, has been suggested for improving upon the median in trend periods. We combine these ideas and construct modified filters based on the repeated median offering better shift preservation. All these filters are compared w.r.t. fundamental analytical properties and in basic data situations. An algorithm for the update of the MAD running in time O(log n) for window width n is presented as well.     

Estimating the Parameters of Stochastic Volatility Models Using Option Price Data

This article describes a maximum likelihood method for estimating the parameters of the standard square-root stochastic volatility model and a variant of the model that includes jumps in equity prices. The model is fitted to data on the S&P 500 Index and the prices of vanilla options written on the index, for the period 1990 to 2011. The method is able to estimate both the parameters of the physical measure (associated with the index) and the parameters of the risk-neutral measure (associated with the options), including the volatility and jump risk premia. The estimation is implemented using a particle filter whose efficacy is demonstrated under simulation. The computational load of this estimation method, which previously has been prohibitive, is managed by the effective use of parallel computing using graphics processing units (GPUs). The empirical results indicate that the parameters of the models are reliably estimated and consistent with values reported in previous work. In particular, both the volatility risk premium and the jump risk premium are found to be significant.     

基于跳跃扩散模型的中国股市和期市风险关联研究

采用2006—2007年我国股市大盘股和股指期货标的指数的高频价格数据,建立了基于跳跃扩散的股票市场和股指期货市场的事件风险模型,分析了我国股票市场和股指期货市场的风险溢出效应。我国大盘股和作为股指期货标的的沪深300指数既存在同时的跳跃溢出效应,也存在我国大盘股领先沪深300指数5分钟的跳跃溢出效应,表明我国股市和期市存在极强的风险关联性,进一步为我国股市和期市跨市场监管的机制设计奠定了基础。