异形词群系统的意义结构研究

根据词语的义位理论,揭示异形词群系统的内外部意义结构规律,指出异形词系统各组内部"同素同构"与非"同素同构"共存的现象,其他各层级系统间以及异形词群系统与非异形词群系统之间几乎都有一个共同的语素,以利异形词的规范、教学和应用。     

Measuring non-linear dependence for two random variables distributed along a curve

We propose new dependence measures for two real random variables not necessarily linearly related. Covariance and linear correlation are expressed in terms of principal components and are generalized for variables distributed along a curve. Properties of these measures are discussed. The new measures are estimated using principal curves and are computed for simulated and real data sets. Finally, we present several statistical applications for the new dependence measures.     

Notes on Test Homogeneity of the Odds Ratio in Matched Pairs Under Stratified Sampling: A Monte Carlo Evaluation

Using Monte Carlo simulation, we compare the performance of five asymptotic test procedures and a randomized permutation test procedure for testing the homogeneity of odds ratio under the stratified matched-pair design. We note that the weighted-least-square test procedure is liberal, while Pearson's goodness-of-fit (PGF) test procedure with the continuity correction is conservative. We note that PGF without the continuity correction, the conditional likelihood ratio test procedure, and the randomized permutation test procedure can generally perform well with respect to Type I error. We use the data taken from a case–control study regarding the endometrial cancer incidence published elsewhere to illustrate the use of these test procedures.     

Some concepts of mult1variate dependence

Several types of positive dependence are shown to be equiv-alent to the concept of a distribution with a density which is TP₂ in pairs. Among these is the concept of m^?-positive depend-ence of Alam and Wallenius. Using this result, all relationships among many of the most important concepts of positive dependence are determined. Furthermore, an application of the equivalences of these types of positive dependence yields a results of Ahmed, Langberg, Leon and Proschan.     

Using quantile averages in matched observational studies

In two observational studies, one investigating the effects of minimum wage laws on employment and the other of the effects of exposures to lead, an estimated treatment effect's sensitivity to hidden bias is examined. The estimate uses the combined quantile averages that were introduced in 1981 by B. M. Brown as simple, efficient, robust estimates of location admitting both exact and approximate confidence intervals and significance tests. Closely related to Gastwirth's estimate and Tukey's trimean, the combined quantile average has asymptotic efficiency for normal data that is comparable with that of a 15% trimmed mean, and higher efficiency than the trimean, but it has resistance to extreme observations or breakdown comparable with that of the trimean and better than the 15% trimmed mean. Combined quantile averages provide consistent estimates of an additive treatment effect in a matched randomized experiment. Sensitivity analyses are discussed for combined quantile averages when used in a matched observational study in which treatments are not randomly assigned. In a sensitivity analysis in an observational study, subjects are assumed to differ with respect to an unobserved covariate that was not adequately controlled by the matching, so that treatments are assigned within pairs with probabilities that are unequal and unknown. The sensitivity analysis proposed here uses significance levels, point estimates and confidence intervals based on combined quantile averages and examines how these inferences change under a range of assumptions about biases due to an unobserved covariate. The procedures are applied in the studies of minimum wage laws and exposures to lead. The first example is also used to illustrate sensitivity analysis with an instrumental variable.     

Efficacy of programmes for the unemployed: discrete time modelling of duration data from a matched-comparison study

An evaluation is described of two UK Government programmes for the long-term unemployed in Great Britain, Employment Training and Employment Action, using discrete time hazard modelling of event histories. The study design employed a closely matched comparison group and carefully chosen control variables to minimize the effect of selection bias on conclusions. The effect of unobserved heterogeneity is investigated by using some standard random effect model formulations.     

并行工程产品开发过程定量化建模与计划制订

由于现有的一些并行工程定量化模型中修改设计微循环的细节特征描述得还不够充分 ,本文提出了一种新的基于产品 -工艺设计活动对网络的定量化模型来描述并行工程产品开发过程 ,并且给出了产品 -工艺设计活动对平均持续时间与产品或工艺设计活动资源占用率的计算方法 .在此基础上 ,将并行工程产品开发过程的计划制订问题建模成一个有资源约束的项目调度问题 .与其它此类问题不同的是 ,在本文中 ,分配给产品开发项目的各类资源的数量不是事先给定的 ,而是与最优产品开发计划一起获得的 ,所以这是一个资源分配与计划制订的集成优化问题 .本文提出了一种新的基于分枝定界的算法来解决此问题并引入一个启发式规则来提高算法的搜索效率     

英汉人体词“hand”和“手”一词多义认知对比研究

光催化剂利用太阳能可以充分降解生活及工业废水中的有机污染物。与其他传统方法相比,在催化效率、低毒、可回收性等性能上,有着无可比拟的优越性。半导体材料在吸收能量大于或等于其禁带宽度的光子后产生电子及空穴,经过一系列的反应,转化为具有强氧化能力的羟基自由基,来降解染料等工业废品。由于晶体结构缺陷及自身结构等特征,光生电子与空穴极易发生复合,使得产生的活性羟基自由基数量变少,减弱光催化能力。异质结构的存在,加速了电子与空穴的分离,延长电子空穴的存活寿命,对提高光催化活性有着重要的影响。     

3N+1猜想中的通常迭代与伸长迭代

讨论了两种迭代的异同,得到了以下结果：①同高连续数对在两种迭代下的不变性;②数对 ｎ和ｎ＋２ｋ的轨迹序列和奇偶矢量之间的关系。     

英语成对词与汉语联合式复合词的词序比较——以时空领域中的词汇为例

将表时空关系的英语成对词与汉语联合式复合词的词序进行比较,可以看出两者异同的根本原因与认知、文化和语音等因素密切相关.