Beyond organizational ties: foundations of persistent commitment in environmental activism

ABSTRACT

Movement scholars commonly treat persistent commitment as an aspect of activism that is set in motion when recruits join a group or organization. To investigate the phenomenon of sustained activist commitment that exists separately from or in addition to organizational membership, I examine activist commitment to environmental causes. I base this analysis on thirty open-ended interviews, averaging eighty minutes, with activists whose persistent commitments to environmental causes range from ten to fifty years. I (a) identify patterns that long-term environmental activists express in their personal biographies and activist trajectories, (b) generate insights about commitment mechanisms that exist independently of organizational membership, (c) discuss how existing conceptions of activist commitment might be extended. I recommend that scholars look beyond organizational ties to pinpoint specific mechanisms that produce and sustain activist commitment to causes. I find that committed environmental activists link their activism to strong connections with nature, biographical influences, individual tactics, and personal missions rather than to organizations.     

持久冲击与中国经济增长的波动

文章依据一个内在逻辑一致的统计程序考察了1952~2003年间中国实际GDP序列的数据生成过程。发现中国实际GDP序列遵循一个带漂移的随机游走,因而它有一个随机波动的长期趋势;进一步的分析还揭示了长期趋势的波动幅度不小于短期周期性波动的幅度。这些事实在理论上意味着产出序列增长趋势的变化和它经常偏离趋势的运动共同构成了中国产出序列的波动。因此,有理由相信来自供给方面的持久冲击是导致中国经济波动不可忽视的重要原因。     

持续状态的行政违法行为研究

持续状态行政违法是行政违法行为的一种特殊形态,目前它既没有法律上的界定,亦没有性质上的定性,这给行政法治实践和行政法学理论带来了诸多困惑。持续状态的行政违法与一般行政违法相比,有其特殊的本质属性、自身特点、表现形式和责任标准。如能在我国行政法制度中确立持续状态的行政违法这样一个违法行为的独立类型,并根据其社会危害程度给予相应处罚,必然会对行政法治产生巨大意义。     

Persistent mind: The effects of information provision on policy preferences

In constitutional states, representatives exchange information, discuss the budget direction and agree on a budget. The agreement is assumed to hold for one fiscal year. To test the validity of this constitutional assumption, we implemented an online panel survey with a randomized conjoint design three times over one year in Japan to track the direction of respondents’ preferences within a multidimensional public policy space. The policy space consisted of spending on education, infrastructure, health insurance, pensions, and poverty relief programs, as well as fiscal retrenchment. Providing information on the poverty rate in the first wave directed respondents’ preferences toward support for poverty relief programs by either increasing or reallocating the budget. The effects persisted in the second wave 5 months later across a diverse range of respondent backgrounds and political positions. By the third wave one year later, the effects had diminished. Once placed in a multidimensional space, information exchange might have a more extended scope than unidimensional approaches have shown. This finding, we believe, can broaden our capability to implement policies for poverty reduction.     

大学生党员发展工作存在的问题和对策分析

文章介绍了当前大学生党员发展工作的现状，论述了新时期发展大学生党员工作的重要意义，分析了当前大学生党员发展工作存在的问题，并从组织保障、队伍保障、制度保障、标准保障、程序保障和创新保障六个层面提出了完善大学生党员发展工作长效机制的对策。     

Inflation dynamics and monetary policy strategy: some prospects for the Turkish economy

This paper analyzes the dynamics of inflation in the Turkish economy, which has experienced increasingly high levels of inflation over the last 30 years. By conducting a Vector Autoregression (VAR) analysis, the variance decomposition (VDC) and the impulse response functions (IRF) show that the relatively high and inertial nature of inflation mainly stems from the increases in public sector prices and the depreciation of the Turkish lira. On the other hand, the Granger causality tests as well as the VDC and IRF demonstrate that high prices have not been as a result of an expansionary monetary policy. These results together with the previous results show that inertial inflation is not a monetary phenomenon in Turkey, but rather an outcome of a political misconduct, which therefore shows the fiscal dominance.     

Asymptotic Theory for the QMLE in GARCH-X Models With Stationary and Nonstationary Covariates

This article investigates the asymptotic properties of the Gaussian quasi-maximum-likelihood estimators (QMLE’s) of the GARCH model augmented by including an additional explanatory variable—the so-called GARCH-X model. The additional covariate is allowed to exhibit any degree of persistence as captured by its long-memory parameter d_x; in particular, we allow for both stationary and nonstationary covariates. We show that the QMLE’s of the parameters entering the volatility equation are consistent and mixed-normally distributed in large samples. The convergence rates and limiting distributions of the QMLE’s depend on whether the regressor is stationary or not. However, standard inferential tools for the parameters are robust to the level of persistence of the regressor with t-statistics following standard Normal distributions in large sample irrespective of whether the regressor is stationary or not. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

春蚕到死丝方尽蜡炬成灰泪始干--论张洁女性意识的演变及其对女性理想的执着

新时期女作家纷纷拿起笔关注女性的生存状态,思索女性历史、现实命运,构建女性理想世界。这其中的代表者是张洁。她创作了许多表现女性经验、关注女性问题的文学作品。从这些作品中我们可以看到张洁女性意识的演变和她对女性理想的执着。尽管她爱到失语,她对男性的呼唤、对女性的寻找回归都有一个从建构到解构的过程,但其独立的、先进的女性意识和对女性理想的追求,自始至终没有变化,即使有变化也是张洁对理想坚守的另一种表现形态。