Prediction of future failures times based on Type-I hybrid censored samples of random sample sizes

In this article, we consider the prediction of future failure times based on Type-I hybrid censored samples. Point predictors and prediction intervals using different procedures are discussed for a general model. The exponential and Rayleigh distributions are used as illustrative examples to show the most simplified forms of the so obtained predictors as well as prediction intervals. Intensive simulation study and a real life dataset are presented to illustrate our findings and results.     

Forecasting obesity trends in England

Summary.  Forecasts of trends in obesity in England for 2010 are produced by treating the available data, which contain the proportions of the population, categorized by age and sex, falling into different body mass index ranges, as compositional data sets, so that the implicit simplex restrictions are automatically satisfied. Forecasts are calculated by using linear trend models for the log-ratio transformations and are accompanied by prediction regions. The advantages of treating data on proportions compositionally are emphasized and compared with forecasts that have been obtained by ignoring this restriction.     

A re-evaluation of random-effects meta-analysis

Summary.  Meta-analysis in the presence of unexplained heterogeneity is frequently undertaken by using a random-effects model, in which the effects underlying different studies are assumed to be drawn from a normal distribution. Here we discuss the justification and interpretation of such models, by addressing in turn the aims of estimation, prediction and hypothesis testing. A particular issue that we consider is the distinction between inference on the mean of the random-effects distribution and inference on the whole distribution. We suggest that random-effects meta-analyses as currently conducted often fail to provide the key results, and we investigate the extent to which distribution-free, classical and Bayesian approaches can provide satisfactory methods. We conclude that the Bayesian approach has the advantage of naturally allowing for full uncertainty, especially for prediction. However, it is not without problems, including computational intensity and sensitivity to a priori judgements. We propose a simple prediction interval for classical meta-analysis and offer extensions to standard practice of Bayesian meta-analysis, making use of an example of studies of 'set shifting' ability in people with eating disorders.     

A latent process model for dementia and psychometric tests

We jointly model longitudinal values of a psychometric test and diagnosis of dementia. The model is based on a continuous-time latent process representing cognitive ability. The link between the latent process and the observations is modeled in two phases. Intermediate variables are noisy observations of the latent process; scores of the psychometric test and diagnosis of dementia are obtained by categorizing these intermediate variables. We propose maximum likelihood inference for this model and we propose algorithms for performing this task. We estimated the parameters of such a model using the data of the 5 year follow-up of the PAQUID study. In particular this analysis yielded interesting results about the effect of educational level on both latent cognitive ability and specific performance in the mini mental test examination. The predictive ability of the model is illustrated by predicting diagnosis of dementia at the 8 year follow-up of the PAQUID study based on the information from the first 5 years.     

基于Markov过程的市场预测

本文根据产品在市场流通领域中所处地位，把它分为四个状态，利用Ｍａｒｋｏｖ过程建立其状态分布的数学模型，给企业提供市场信息，以便组织货源与作出科学决策，从而减少参与市场竞争的盲目性．     

基于相空间形状分析预测房颤终止

识别和描述房颤有可能自发终止还是持续,不仅可以更好地了解心律不齐发作和终止的机制,还可以更有效地治疗持续房颤。本文从非线性角度提取房颤信号特征并预测其能否自发终止。先重建心电信号的相空间,获取相空间中指定庞加莱截面上的点,然后基于形状分析提取刻画庞加莱面上相似点对相对数量的参数ρ,最后基于ρ来分类非终止房颤和可终止房颤。实验研究了一个由Holter心电信号组成的包括训练集和测试集的房颤数据库,结果表明:本文提出的特征参数ρ可正确分类90%的测试集。可见,该方法能从Holter心电信号有效地预测房颤的自发终止。     

大数据背景下CPI预测问题的文本挖掘技术设计与应用

本文创新地将半监督交互式关键词提取算法词频-逆向文件频率( Term Frequency- Inverse Document Frequency, TF-IDF )与基于 Transformer 的 双 向 编 码 表 征 ( Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers,BERT)模型相结合,设计出一种扩展CPI预测种子关键词的文本挖掘技术。采用交互式TF-IDF算法,对原始CPI预测种子关键词汇广度上进行扩展,在此基础上通过BERT“两段式”检索过滤模型深入挖掘文本信息并匹配关键词,实现CPI预测关键词深度上的扩展,从而构建了CPI预测的关键词库。在此基础上,本文进一步对文本挖掘技术特征扩展前后的关键词建立预测模型进行对比分析。研究表明,相比于传统的关键词提取算法,交互式TF-IDF算法不仅无需借助语料库,而且还允许种子词的输入。同时,BERT模型通过迁移学习的方式对基础模型进行微调,学习特定领域知识,在CPI预测问题中很好地实现了语言表征、语义拓展与人机交互。相对于传统文本挖掘技术,本文设计的文本挖掘技术具有较强的泛化表征能力,在84个CPI预测关键种子词的基础上,扩充后的关键词对CPI具有更高的预测准确度和更充分的解释性。本文针对CP 预测问题设计的文本挖掘技术,也为建立其他宏观经济指标关键词词库提供新的研究思路与参考价值。     

Multivariate mixtures of normals with unknown number of components

We present full Bayesian analysis of finite mixtures of multivariate normals with unknown number of components. We adopt reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo and we construct, in a manner similar to that of Richardson and Green (1997), split and merge moves that produce good mixing of the Markov chains. The split moves are constructed on the space of eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the current covariance matrix so that the proposed covariance matrices are positive definite. Our proposed methodology has applications in classification and discrimination as well as heterogeneity modelling. We test our algorithm with real and simulated data.     

哈尔滨市人口发展历程及趋势

根据人口普查等文献资料,对哈尔滨市人口发展历程与现状进行深入分析,并对其未来发展趋势进行预测。预测结果表明:哈尔滨市人口规模将保持增长趋势,人口老龄化程度也将不断加深。据此,对哈尔滨市人口发展面临的问题提出了相应对策。