重庆民族地区旅游业的定位与发展取向

重庆民族地区具有完好的生态环境,丰富的自然旅游资源,深邃的古文化遗存,绚丽多姿的民族风情等旅游资源优势。21世纪,重庆民族地区旅游业的发展要突出旅游的文化内涵和知识性,坚持可持续发展思想,注意利用现代高新技术,重视旅游人才的培养,以民族文化为依托,开发多种形式的民族文化旅游项目。     

Business reform outcomes: Why so different?

Post-crisis policy making increasingly focuses on doing business reforms. We argue that the effects of those reforms will be different across countries. To understand the reasons for the reform outcome divergence, we advance a novel firm-size distribution (FSDs) argument. At the center of the argument is the fact that FSDs are different across countries and stable over time. Then, if a given doing business reform induces firms of different size to grow differently, this will produce a variety of reform outcomes across countries. To advance the argument, we set up a tractable general equilibrium (GE) model and study how firms of different size grow after a doing business reform. The model predicts that larger firms will grow faster than smaller firms after the reform. The model predictions are tested on the Enterprise Surveys (ES) data, merged with the Doing Business indicators. We confirm that firms of different size grow differently after a Doing Business reform. Thus, based on the notable differences of firm size distributions across countries, identical reforms to start, operate and close a business will produce a variety of reform outcomes across countries.     

What Survey Data Reveal about Price and Wage Rigidity in Portugal

This paper exploits the information collected from a survey conducted on a sample of Portuguese firms to study the patterns of firms’ price and wage adjustments and the extent of nominal price and wage rigidities. The evidence shows that the frequency of price changes varies substantially across sectors and depends on the intensity of competition, the share of labor costs and firms’ price reviewing behavior. The results also suggest that the constraint imposed by the presence of downward nominal wage rigidity is less important in firms where the fraction of permanent and high‐skilled workers is lower and the share of flexible pay components is higher.     

THE DEMAND FOR LIQUID ASSETS,CORPORATE SAVING,AND INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL FLOWS

The recent period of capital outflows from emerging economies has coincided with an increase in their corporate saving. In this paper, we model corporate saving as a demand for liquid assets by credit‐constrained firms in a dynamic open‐economy macroeconomic model. We find that the implications of this model are very different from standard models, because the demand for foreign bonds is a complement to domestic investment rather than a substitute. We show that this complementarity is at work when an emerging economy is on its convergence path or when it has a higher TFP growth rate. This framework is consistent with a number of stylized facts found in high‐growth, high‐investment emerging economies.     

Global Climate Emergency: after COP24, climate science,urgency, and the threat to humanity

ABSTRACT

This Special Editorial on the Climate Emergency makes the case that although we are living in the time of Global Climate Emergency we are not yet acting as if we are in an imminent crisis. The authors review key aspects of the institutional response and climate science over the past several decades and the role of the economic system in perpetuating inertia on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Humanity is now the primary influence on the planet, and events in and around COP24 are the latest reminder that we live in a pathological system. A political economy has rendered the UNFCCC process as yet a successful failure. Fundamental change is urgently required. The conclusions contain recommendations and a call to action now.     

How much is too much: Does the size of income support transfers affect labor supply?

Cash transfer programs pursue mainly protective objectives, but can also impact rural livelihoods by inducing investments in productive activities and changing household labor allocation. We adopt a continuous treatment approach to quantify how households’ labor supply responds to transfer size. We find a shift from paid labor to own farm labor and find that the transfer size is well within a level that would have disincentive effects on time spent on own farm activities. The switch from paid to own farm labor occurs at lower levels of transfers for labor-constrained households, and at higher levels for non-labor constrained households.     

20世纪世界货币体系的三大缺陷——兼论21世纪世界货币体系和亚元建立设想

20世纪世界货币体系存在三大制度设计缺陷。核心货币国家收取铸币收益、通货膨胀税和来自外围货币国家的贸易保险费用。新世纪的货币体系应该打破现存的世界货币体系利益分割格局。欧元区域货币制度建成后，挑战美元核心货币地位。亚洲区国家应该建立亚元制度，形成亚元、欧元和美元三大区域货币鼎立共存的21世纪世界货币体系。     

21世纪中小学校长素质浅谈

中小学校长是完成我国“十五”教育发展重点这一历史任务的中坚力量,他们的整体素质与工作状态直接影响我国基础教育的改革与发展。因此应当围绕新世纪中小学校长应具备的素质提出构想。     

“东边不亮,西边亮”——“11·21”包头空难在美国

2004年11月21日,东方航空公司一架从包头直飞上海的客机距机场不远的南海公园发生空难。部分遇难者家属不满东航公司提出的赔偿标准,历经波折在美国提起诉讼,继而又转回国内。＂11.21＂包头空难的遇难者家属在不能得到满意的赔偿情况下,和律师团达成风险代理协议,从而减轻了家属们的诉讼负担。这给我们以启示,应更多地了解外面的法律制度,借鉴以完善我国的立法之外,还要利用外国司法资源为我国受害者提供救济。