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1.
Frontier spaces of vulnerability: Regional change,urbanization, drought and fire hazard in Santarém,Pará, Brazil 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Fire hazard is a mounting concern in tropical rainforests of the Brazilian Amazon and has raised awareness within the science community of the links between agricultural fire use, drought and accidental fire. As a result, fire is being addressed as a crisis event with mitigation focused on those who light fires, particularly smallholder agriculturalists. Little attention is paid to the historical and ongoing ways in which Amazon landscapes and peoples have been made more susceptible to fire. Frontier regions of the Brazilian Amazon serve a variety of functions within the larger Brazilian society, including as extractive reserves for economic development, as social safety valves to reduce population pressures, and as areas to support urban regional integration. Each of these functions has impacted frontier environments in ways that create more flammable landscapes and/or shape the vulnerability of people to fire hazard. This paper uses a case study inthe Brazilian Lower Amazon to understand how vulnerability to fire hazard develops. It argues that if fire mitigation remains centered on fire as a crisis event, an understanding of what constitutes frontier spaces of vulnerability, both in landscape and in populations, will be limited. 相似文献
2.
《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2002,44(4):505-506
Books reviewed:
M Hollander and D Wolfe, Nonparametric Statistical Methods
T Leonard and J.S.J Hsu, Bayesian Methods 相似文献
M Hollander and D Wolfe, Nonparametric Statistical Methods
T Leonard and J.S.J Hsu, Bayesian Methods 相似文献
3.
谭露 《长江大学学报(社会科学版)》2002,(1)
本文首先探讨了证券市场化解股份有限公司代理人道德风险问题的作用机制 ,并进一步详尽地分析了该机制发挥作用需要具备的条件 ,包括 :证券市场存在、证券市场具有完善的信息交流功能、证券市场有效性较高等。文章继而对照上述条件分析了我国证券市场的现状。最后提出了改进的对策 相似文献
4.
对品牌不当延伸的思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黎利云 《湖南涉外经济学院学报》2006,(2)
文章界定了品牌延伸的内涵,分析了品牌延伸的动力机制,阐述了品牌不当延伸的主要危害,如引起消费者的不良联想、破坏原有品牌形象、降低消费者对品牌的忠诚度及失去老顾客、使原有品牌价值流失等。就如何正确开展品牌延伸提出了围绕核心价值开展品牌延伸、遵循品牌延伸"近亲繁殖有益"原则、根据产品的不同分类来实行多品牌命名等观点。 相似文献
5.
杨育生 《河南工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2002,18(1):22-25
企业经营中的委托—代理关系和激励机制问题显然是存在若干冲突理论和观点 的复杂课题,本文通过一个简单的数理模型对这一问题进行了理论上的阐释,同时也给出了现 阶段解决问题的一般思路。 相似文献
6.
随着网络经济时代的到来, 人们通过缔结电子合同来进行交易的情况越来越多。由于电子合同存在种种难以预测的特殊风险, 故而需要对其加以法律控制, 而公证作为国家法律证明手段, 若应用到电子合同中, 势必能降低电子合同的特殊风险。 相似文献
7.
Mark Bebbington Chin-Diew Lai Riardas Zitikis 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2007,49(3):251-265
Finding optimal, or at least good, maintenance and repair policies is crucial in reliability engineering. Likewise, describing life phases of human mortality is important when determining social policy or insurance premiums. In these tasks, one searches for distributions to fit data and then makes inferences about the population(s). In the present paper, we focus on bathtub‐type distributions and provide a view of certain problems, methods and solutions, and a few challenges, that can be encountered in reliability engineering, survival analysis, demography and actuarial science. 相似文献
8.
JØRUND GÅSEMYR 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2003,30(1):159-173
In this paper, we present a general formulation of an algorithm, the adaptive independent chain (AIC), that was introduced in a special context in Gåsemyr et al . [ Methodol. Comput. Appl. Probab. 3 (2001)]. The algorithm aims at producing samples from a specific target distribution Π, and is an adaptive, non-Markovian version of the Metropolis–Hastings independent chain. A certain parametric class of possible proposal distributions is fixed, and the parameters of the proposal distribution are updated periodically on the basis of the recent history of the chain, thereby obtaining proposals that get ever closer to Π. We show that under certain conditions, the algorithm produces an exact sample from Π in a finite number of iterations, and hence that it converges to Π. We also present another adaptive algorithm, the componentwise adaptive independent chain (CAIC), which may be an alternative in particular in high dimensions. The CAIC may be regarded as an adaptive approximation to the Gibbs sampler updating parametric approximations to the conditionals of Π. 相似文献
9.
信息不对称与人的经济行为 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
李必强 《中国地质大学学报(社会科学版)》2006,6(6):17-21
信息不对称及其经济效应是信息经济学研究的中心问题,本文依据信息经济学和行为科学理论,从现实经济生活出发,系统地阐述了信息不对称的内涵,论证了信息不对称的必然性,探讨了信息不对称条件下交易双方的经济行为,提出了信息不对称条件下卖方(或代理方)违规败德行为的函数式,最后讨论了信息不对称造成的经济后果,提出了解决这一问题的思路。 相似文献
10.
Dynamic reliability models with conditional proportional hazards 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A dynamic approach to the stochastic modelling of reliability systems is further explored. This modelling approach is particularly appropriate for load-sharing, software reliability, and multivariate failure-time models, where component failure characteristics are affected by their degree of use, amount of load, or extent of stresses experienced. This approach incorporates the intuitive notion that when a set of components in a coherent system fail at a certain time, there is a jump from one structure function to another which governs the residual lifetimes of the remaining functioning components, and since the component lifetimes are intrinsically affected by the structure function which they constitute, then at such a failure time there should also be a jump in the stochastic structure of the lifetimes of the remaining components. For such dynamically-modelled systems, the stochastic characteristics of their jump times are studied. These properties of the jump times allow us to obtain the properties of the lifetime of the system. In particular, for a Markov dynamic model, specific expressions for the exact distribution functions of the jump times are obtained for a general coherent system, a parallel system, and a series-parallel system. We derive a new family of distribution functions which describes the distributions of the jump times for a dynamically-modelled system. 相似文献