JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF SHANGHAI FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2002 Vol.24 No.1～4 Total Contents

在学习英语时,中西文化背景的差异,往往会给我们的阅读带来很大的困难。本文拟从词汇的文化内涵、历史典故和西方现代历史文化等三个方面来论述中西文化差异对篇章阅读的影响。     

互联网与文化重构及社会分化

互联网的出现不仅丰富了文化的表现形式 ,而且丰富了文化的基础 ,丰富了人们对真理、理性、伦理等文化基本矛盾的认识。互联网作为一种新的文化形态主要不是依据理论的完整性 ,而是依靠它在传播过程中的文化张力来实现的。互联网的出现导致了文化的多元化 ,推动了个人主义 ,冲击了传统文化的主导地位 ,冲击了传统的主流媒体赖以存在的稳定的文化环境 ,冲击了主流文化推崇的文化价值和伦理价值体系。     

论马克思主义发展的动力机制

从人类实践活动、人类社会发展不同历史阶段时代背景、时代特征、时代要求和时代主题的差异性、马克思主义自身的理论品质、马克思主义政党及其政治领袖们关于理论建设的自觉性和创新精神等几个方面论述了马克思主义发展的动力机制。     

Silphids in urban forests: Diversity and function

Many ecologists have examined the process of how urbanization reduces biological diversity but rarely have its ecological consequences been assessed. We studied forest-dwelling burying beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae)—a guild of insects that requires carrion to complete their life cycles—along an urban-rural gradient of land use in Maryland. Our objective was to determine how forest fragmentation associated with urbanization affects (1) beetle community diversity and structure and (2) the ecological function provided by these insects, that is, decomposition of vertebrate carcasses. Forest fragmentation strongly reduced burying beetle diversity and abundance, and did so far more pervasively than urbanization of the surrounding landscape. The likelihood that beetles interred experimental baits was a direct, positive function of burying beetle diversity. We conclude that loss of burying beetle diversity resulting from forest fragmentation could have important ecological consequences in urban forests.     

生物多样性保护与知识产权

生物多样性保护与知识产权存在较大的关联性,《生物多样性条约》的相关条款与知识产权密切相关,围绕生物资源保护与利用的知识产权理论不断发展,我国的相关法律制度也应加以完善。     

论互联网时代政治传播的个性化与多元化

政治传播的最终目的在于使受众成为完成党和政府的政治文化建构及政治行为实施的一部分。互联网作为新兴的大众传播媒介，它的兴起为政治传播提供了新的交流平台和多元化的言说空间。伴随着互联网成长起来的新生代以及这一代人所创造的新生代文化在客观上影响着当代政治的叙述方式，这种文化特征要求政治叙述具有个性化特征；同时，政治人物的个人形象在互联网时代的政治传播中也显示出前所未有的影响力。     

于根元先生的语言规划观

于根元先生的语言规划观主要体现在“语言规范观”“语言主体多样观”“语言服务观”三个方面。在语言规划研究方面,于先生提出了许多具有鲜明特色的重要命题,如语言规范的参照项是交际值、检验规范的成效是对语言生活的影响、语言规范制定时应重视语言的可预测性、规范就是服务等,这些命题如今看来,依然具有学习借鉴的理论意义和实践价值。     

Origins and destinies: Immigration to the United States since World War II

Contemporary immigration to the United States and the formation of new ethnic groups are the complex and unintended social consequences of the expansion of the nation to its post-World War II position of global hegemony. Immigrant communities in the United States today are related to a history of American military, political, economic, and cultural involvement and intervention in the sending countries, especially in Asia and the Caribbean Basin, and to the linkages that are formed in the process that open a variety of legal and illegal migration pathways. The 19.8 million foreign-born persons counted in the 1990 U.S. census formed the largest immigrant population in the world, though in relative terms, only 7.9% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, a lower proportion than earlier in this century. Today's immigrants are extraordinarily diverse, a reflection of polar-opposite types of migrations embedded in very different historical and structural contexts. Also, unlike the expanding economy that absorbed earlier flows from Europe, since the 1970s new immigrants have entered an hourglass economy with reduced opportunities for social mobility, particularly among the less educated, and new waves of refugees have entered a welfare state with expanded opportunities for public assistance. This paper seeks to make sense of the new diversity. A typology of contemporary immigrants is presented, and their patterns of settlement, their distinctive social and economic characteristics compared to major native-born racial-ethnic groups, and their different modes of incorporation in—and consequences for—American society are considered.     

Fit and Skill in Employee Selection: Insights from a Study of Headhunters

We draw upon evidence from a qualitative study of headhunters to provide insights into the character and importance of candidate fit and skill for the selection of a broad range of white-collar employees. Headhunters suggest that the fit of a job candidate is assessed at two levels, one corresponding with a general compatibility with organization-level norms, culture, and strategy, the other corresponding more closely with traits and characteristics of the person or persons with whom the job candidate actually interviews. Skill—a factor which is largely neglected by those who tout the importance of fit—also plays an important and independent role in employee selection. Stalls that influence the selection of employees from a pool of candidates tend to be highly specific if not idiosyncratic, and take the form of what headhunters call hot buttons. We conclude by discussing the conceptualization, causes, and implications of fit; we also consider how the importance of fit and hot buttons challenges the explanatory logic of standard accounts of labor-market success.