职业地位取得的社会性别差异

本文从描述被调查夫妇之间职业流动的性别差异出发，分别勾画出他们的地位实现模型。首先验证了不论性别，教育地位都是决定职业地位实现的首要变量；但也正是在教育地位的实现和向上流动(再求学)中，伴随婚姻生育等生命事件的发生，无形的结构性制度因素(意识形态层面的性别制度、性别规范和性别文化)正如后现代主义试图解构的那样依然支配着性别角色的社会化和继续社会化，使扮演双重角色的妻子或无意识地或有意识地遭遇了丈夫不为之所累的两难困境，并最终阻碍了女性的教育地位、既而是职业地位的实现。本文最后提出了三点建议和几个尚待解决的问题。     

"大众化"高等教育应树立的教学质量观

我国高等教育正在快步迈向大众化”阶段,以教学为主的普通本科院校和以培养实用型人才为主的专科学校,都应该明确自己在整个高等教育体系中所处的层次,相应树立正确的教学质量观,努力体现以学生为本的教育理念。     

高校毕业生思想教育难度加大探源与对策

目前高校毕业生思想教育难度加大的原因在于:大学生就业制度改革中凭关系择业与凭能力自主择业冲突的影响;就业形势趋于严竣的影响;高校学生思想教育与市场环境的脱节;毕业生自身的思想混乱与矛盾心理。我们必须优化高校育人的内外部环境;开展丰富多彩的校园文化活动并营造离校前夕的健康氛围;积极进行就业指导服务;开展形势教育与心理健康教育;以控制并化解高校毕业生思想教育的难度。     

论科技统计对高校发展的重要作用

科技统计是科学决策的基础，是组织架构设立和调整的依据，是科学制定和有效评价激励政策的前提，是贯彻“以人为本”管理思想的重要手段。对如何加强科技统计工作也提出了相关建议。     

殖民时期的澳大利亚移民小说

移民小说是澳大利亚殖民时期小说的一个重要分支 ,与早期澳洲文学中独特的“流犯小说”占有同样突出的地位。本文作为作者正在撰写中的《大洋洲文学史》的一部分 ,勾勒了该类型小说的发生、发展及其特点 ,集中讨论了有关主要作家与主要作品 ,为澳殖民时期的移民小说提供了一个大致而清晰的面貌。     

代位求偿权行使条件之比较

本文首先阐明代位求偿权的涵义。在此基础上，针对我国法律关于代位求偿权的相关规定以及国内学者对代位求偿权行使条件的理解，比较借鉴英国法律，分析我国法律所确立的代位求偿权行使条件，提出自己的观点和看法。     

To be or not to be valid in testing the significance of the slope in simple quantitative linear models with autocorrelated errors

In this article, the validity of procedures for testing the significance of the slope in quantitative linear models with one explanatory variable and first-order autoregressive [AR(1)] errors is analyzed in a Monte Carlo study conducted in the time domain. Two cases are considered for the regressor: fixed and trended versus random and AR(1). In addition to the classical t -test using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimator of the slope and its standard error, we consider seven t -tests with n-2\,\hbox{df} built on the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) estimator or an estimated GLS estimator, three variants of the classical t -test with different variances of the OLS estimator, two asymptotic tests built on the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator, the F -test for fixed effects based on the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) estimator in the mixed-model approach, two t -tests with n - 2 df based on first differences (FD) and first-difference ratios (FDR), and four modified t -tests using various corrections of the number of degrees of freedom. The FDR t -test, the REML F -test and the modified t -test using Dutilleul's effective sample size are the most valid among the testing procedures that do not assume the complete knowledge of the covariance matrix of the errors. However, modified t -tests are not applicable and the FDR t -test suffers from a lack of power when the regressor is fixed and trended ( i.e. , FDR is the same as FD in this case when observations are equally spaced), whereas the REML algorithm fails to converge at small sample sizes. The classical t -test is valid when the regressor is fixed and trended and autocorrelation among errors is predominantly negative, and when the regressor is random and AR(1), like the errors, and autocorrelation is moderately negative or positive. We discuss the results graphically, in terms of the circularity condition defined in repeated measures ANOVA and of the effective sample size used in correlation analysis with autocorrelated sample data. An example with environmental data is presented.     

A Unified Way to Represent and Compute the Cumulative Distribution Function for Noncentral t,F, and χ2

This short article shows an unified approach to representing and computing the cumulative distribution function for noncentral t, F, and χ². Unlike the existing algorithms, which involve different expansion and/or recurrence, the new approach consistently represents all the three noncentral cumulative distribution functions as the integral of the normal cumulative distribution function and χ² density function.     

Modified maximum likelihood estimator under the Jones and Faddy's skew t-error distribution for censored regression model

It is well-known that classical Tobit estimator of the parameters of the censored regression (CR) model is inefficient in case of non-normal error terms. In this paper, we propose to use the modified maximum likelihood (MML) estimator under the Jones and Faddy''s skew t-error distribution, which covers a wide range of skew and symmetric distributions, for the CR model. The MML estimators, providing an alternative to the Tobit estimator, are explicitly expressed and they are asymptotically equivalent to the maximum likelihood estimator. A simulation study is conducted to compare the efficiencies of the MML estimators with the classical estimators such as the ordinary least squares, Tobit, censored least absolute deviations and symmetrically trimmed least squares estimators. The results of the simulation study show that the MML estimators work well among the others with respect to the root mean square error criterion for the CR model. A real life example is also provided to show the suitability of the MML methodology.     

“科研育人”论纲

关于高校的育人方式,目前理论界和教育工作者普遍认为,主要有“教学育人”、“管理育人”和“服务育人”三种方式.在知识经济时代,社会更需要具有创新精神和创新能力的人才.因此,“科研育人”的提出,既是时代的呼唤,又是高校实施素质教育的要求.科研的育人功能,主要体现在如下几个方面1.激发学生的创造力,培养学生的创新精神;2.影响学生未来的学术和职业发展;3.促进学生的个性发展;4.增强学生识假辨伪、反对迷信愚昧的能力;5.培养学生的良好学风;6.培养学生的完整人格.国内外的一些高校已在科研育人方面积累了许多经验,值得学习.“科研育人”应始终贯穿于教学过程之中.充分发挥科研的育人功能,需要学校、社会为其创造必要的条件,应当建立健全学生的全面的评价指标体系和激励机制.