"十一五"期间西部经济发展的总体思路探析

“十一五”期间,西部经济发展的总体思路拟确立为:搞好“四个兼顾”,着力解决西部经济发展面临的四个突出问题;坚持“三个带动”,不断为西部经济发展提供强劲动力;突出“两个培育”,重点抓好西部经济发展的两个薄弱环节;强化“一个支撑”,努力消除西部经济发展的瓶颈制约。     

Institutional Ethnography and Experience as Data

Experience, as concept, is contested among feminists as to its epistemological status, thus its usefulness in knowledge claims. Institutional ethnography (Smith 1987) is a feminist methodology that nonetheless relies fundamentally on people's experience. Not as Truth, nor the object of inquiry, but as thepoint d'appui for sociological inquiry. This article offers a demonstration of institutional enthnography using observational and interview data that show experience as methodologically central to a trustworthy analysis. A moment in the work lives of nursing assistants in a long-term care setting is captured by a participant observer. The analysis produces two lines of argument. One is methodological; it is argued that nursing assistants' experiences are an entry into the social relations of the setting that, when mapped and disclosed, make those experiences understandable in terms of the ruling arrangements permeating both the organization and their own experiences. The other argument is substantive; the inquiry uncovers how a quality improvement' strategy in a long term care hospital in Canada is reorganizing caregivers' values and practices toward a market orientation in which care appears to be compromised. Use of experience as data in this approach holds the analysis accountable to everyday/everynight actualities in a lived world.     

A Tiered Framework for Risk‐Relevant Characterization and Ranking of Chemical Exposures: Applications to the National Children's Study (NCS)

A challenge for large‐scale environmental health investigations such as the National Children's Study (NCS), is characterizing exposures to multiple, co‐occurring chemical agents with varying spatiotemporal concentrations and consequences modulated by biochemical, physiological, behavioral, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Such investigations can benefit from systematic retrieval, analysis, and integration of diverse extant information on both contaminant patterns and exposure‐relevant factors. This requires development, evaluation, and deployment of informatics methods that support flexible access and analysis of multiattribute data across multiple spatiotemporal scales. A new “Tiered Exposure Ranking” (TiER) framework, developed to support various aspects of risk‐relevant exposure characterization, is described here, with examples demonstrating its application to the NCS. TiER utilizes advances in informatics computational methods, extant database content and availability, and integrative environmental/exposure/biological modeling to support both “discovery‐driven” and “hypothesis‐driven” analyses. “Tier 1” applications focus on “exposomic” pattern recognition for extracting information from multidimensional data sets, whereas second and higher tier applications utilize mechanistic models to develop risk‐relevant exposure metrics for populations and individuals. In this article, “tier 1” applications of TiER explore identification of potentially causative associations among risk factors, for prioritizing further studies, by considering publicly available demographic/socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental data in relation to two health endpoints (preterm birth and low birth weight). A “tier 2” application develops estimates of pollutant mixture inhalation exposure indices for NCS counties, formulated to support risk characterization for these endpoints. Applications of TiER demonstrate the feasibility of developing risk‐relevant exposure characterizations for pollutants using extant environmental and demographic/socioeconomic data.     

影响我国都市圈经济总量的因素分析——基于12大都市圈的面板数据

借助当前我国发展较成熟的12个都市圈的相关数据，通过建立多元回归模型，考察分析都市圈经济发展背后的影响因素，研究表明：都市圈中心城市辐射力、都市圈联系力和设施水平等因素对经济发展较快的都市圈经济总量有显著影响；经济发展较慢的都市圈的经济总量则主要受到都市圈消费能力和教育水平的影响，还受到一些都市圈软实力因素的影响。     

河南经济增长的统计分析

以河南省1978年以来历年的生产总值为研究对象,从中原崛起的背景出发,简要说明了河南经济发展的现状及特点,分析了河南省生产总值的构成情况,通过与东部沿海发达省份进行比较,发现问题,针对分析出来的结果和存在的问题,找出原因并提出了推动河南经济增长的一些对策及建议。     

Bringing Japanese Continuous Improvement Approaches to U.S. Manufacturing: The Roles of Process Orientation and Communications*

Continuous improvement (CI) has played a key role in Japan's quality management. U.S. companies have begun to adopt CI in recent years. This paper studies the implementation of CI in seven U.S. manufacturing companies. We view values as the core concept of culture that impacts CI effectiveness. Using both qualitative and quantitative data with a sample of seven companies, we observe empirically a relationship between process-oriented values and CI effectiveness. We also find that communications involving workers is strongly associated with CI effectiveness. Finally, we find an association between process orientation and communication frequency, and argue that communications act as an intervening variable between process orientation and effectiveness.     

我国制造业集聚变迁与全要素生产率增长研究

本文选取我国29个省市区和17个制造行业1990～2009年的面板数据,对相对专业化与相对多样化集聚度进行了计算及变迁分析,利用Malmquist指数测算了全要素生产率的增长,并分析了产业集聚变迁对全要素生产率的影响。结果表明:我国东部地区呈现多样化与专业化集聚均衡发展的特征,而中西部地区则具有相对较高的专业化集聚水平,呈现产业结构单一化与非均衡化;东部地区全要素生产率增长较快,中西部地区相对滞后;相对专业化与多样化集聚对东部、中部与西部地区的影响存在地区差异。基于此,本文提出了加快产业结构调整、实施均衡的区域发展政策和提高经济组织制度绩效的政策建议。     

上海城市人口总量控制与结构优化研究

上海的人口总量和结构一直与其独特的工业化、城镇化进程密不可分。工业化带动人口发展,人口发展推动城市发展。改革开放以来,上海正处于第四波工业化时期,人口增长较快。在人口结构上,户籍人口老龄化,而外来人口具有就近流动、城城流动、定居化特点,且教育水平逐年提高。从承载力上看,上海人口总量合理,但人口分布的不合理影响了人口结构的发展、城市社会的融合,带来了核心区人口过密、产城融合不畅的问题,以及偏好"人脑"、排斥"人手"的问题。面对人口老龄化和可能的人口逆流,上海应稳定人口总量,建设整体推进的多中心发展人口分布格局,完善户籍制度改革,破解"新二元结构",推动社会保障和公共服务均等化,同时结合政府改革,完善相关配套改革措施。     

Bayesian inference for the parameters of Weibull distribution under progressive Type-I interval censored data with beta-binomial removals

This article considers the problem of estimating the parameters of Weibull distribution under progressive Type-I interval censoring scheme with beta-binomial removals. Classical as well as the Bayesian procedures for the estimation of unknown model parameters have been developed. The Bayes estimators are obtained under SELF and GELF using MCMC technique. The performance of the estimators, has been discussed in terms of their MSEs. Further, expression for the expected number of total failures has been obtained. A real dataset of the survival times for patients with plasma cell myeloma is used to illustrate the suitability of the proposed methodology.     

关于渭河流域实施排污权交易制度的立法建议

从相关立法看,对渭河流域水污染的治理主要采取了传统的行政方式。为提高渭河水污染治理效率,促进陕西经济社会的可持续发展,有必要借鉴美国和我国上海、江苏等地比较成熟的做法,采用市场的方法即排污权交易来治理渭河流域水污染,这有利于促进企业技术革新,降低整个社会的治理成本,比单纯的行政方法更为迅速和有效。因此,应进行地方立法,规定可交易污染物的范围、排污权的初始分配方式、交易的程序等,以规范排污权交易市场;同时,确定渭河的环境容量总量以确定可供分配的指标,构建信息平台以降低交易费用及保障公民的知情权。