Asthma Patients' Activities and Air Pollution: A Semiparametric Censored Regression Analysis

Asthma patients' health status may be especially sensitive to some types of air pollution, but the evidence on this is mixed. We explore the effects of ground-level ozone on asthma patient's activities, breaking apart the usual aggregated category of leisure into indoor and outdoor activities, and differentiating those by whether the activities were active or inactive. Applying the semiparametric censored estimation method we demonstrate that even though the period over which activities were observed was relatively low in ozone levels, there is a significant impact of ozone on a few activities. The (non-ozone) economic and demographic variables in the model play significant roles in explaining the allocation of time among seven activities, suggesting the suitability of the approach for other household decision-making contexts.     

益气补肾活血法治疗小儿哮喘的临床研究

探讨益气补肾活血法对支气管哮喘患儿血内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)和内皮细胞(CEC)变化的影响.应用放射免疫法、硝酸还原法和Hladovec法对加服中药的100例支气管哮喘患儿于急性期、恢复期等分别检测血ET-1、NO和CEC.与未加服中药的支气管哮喘患儿比较,其恢复期和1年后血ET-1、NO和CEC水平明显下降,发作次数明显减少,有显著性差异.益气补肾活血中药可降低支气管哮喘患儿血ET-1、NO的合成,减轻肺血管内皮细胞的损伤.对防治小儿支气管哮喘有效.     

Analysis of the relationship between air pollution and asthma

In recent years, considerable attention has been devoted to methods for analyzing longitudinal data. A review of some of the issues surrounding the use of regression analysis is undertaken as they relate to a study of the health effects of air pollution in a group of asthmatics. Daily diary recordings of hours with asthma symptoms are found to be positively related to the daily mean concentration of total reduced sulphur as well as to the daily intake of nonsteroidal drug medication. This finding is corroborated using three different statistical models.     

Asthma and allergy as risk factors for suicidal behavior among young adults

An association between allergic disease, depression and suicidality has been reported. Objective: To explore the relationships between suicidality and asthma, allergy, internet addiction, stress, sleep quality, pain/discomfort, and depression, among emerging adults. Participants: 929 college students completed an online survey between October 2015 and April 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional study using multivariate analysis techniques was implemented. Results: Using structural equation modeling, we found that allergies and stress were directly related to pain/discomfort; pain/discomfort was associated to poor sleep, depression, and suicidality. Sleep quality was also affected by stress; while sleep, stress, pain/discomfort, and internet addiction were directly related to depression (all p < .05). Ultimately, four factors impacted suicidality: stress, pain/discomfort, depression, and, indirectly, sleep quality (all p < .05). Although allergy had some effects, these did not reach statistical significance (p < .09). Conclusion: Findings suggest that allergy might impact suicidality indirectly through increased pain/discomfort, poor sleep, and depression.     

Self-esteem,Self-focused Attention,and the Mediating Role of Fear of Negative Evaluation in College Students With and Without Asthma

Abstract

Objective: The current study investigated the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation on the relationship between self-focused attention and self-esteem among college students with and without asthma. Participants: Young adults with (n = 148) and without (n = 530) childhood-onset asthma were recruited from a college student population. Methods: Self-focused attention and fear of negative evaluation measures were completed. Participants also answered questions about inclusion in a social activity. Results: Higher levels of self-focused attention and fear of negative evaluation were associated with lower self-esteem in both groups within the context of social activity participation. Fear of negative evaluation mediated the relationship between self-consciousness and self-esteem. No significant differences were found between groups. Conclusions: Findings indicate significant relationships among self-focused attention, fear of negative evaluation, and self-esteem in the context of social activity participation. Further examination of self-esteem regarding participation in social activities among college students appears warranted.     

国内外哮喘临床研究现状比较——基于SCI论文的计量分析

文章采用文献计量学方法．对1997-2009年哮喘临床研究领域发表在SCI上的研究论文进行了统计和数据挖掘,分别从论文发表的年代、地区、机构、学科和作者分布进行了分析,并就国内外的研究状况进行了比较,通过对被SCI收录的哮喘方面的研究论文的数量及引用情况、期刊分布和学科分布等因素的统计分析,揭示出国内外哮喘研究的现状和差距,以期为国内的哮喘研究提供参考。     

干类中药治疗老年支气管哮喘的临床应用及机理研究

目的研究干类中药对治疗老年支气管哮喘的临床疗效及其作用机制。方法将老年支气管哮喘患者随机分为射干治疗组和常规治疗组。常规治疗组用氨茶碱片,0.1g,tid,同时加服酮替酚;射干治疗组除常规治疗外给予射干煎剂口服,30ml,每日3次,疗程均为4周。观测肺功能、外周血EOS计数和MBP、ECP含量。采集外周血,裂解红细胞后用Percoll液密度梯度离心分离收集EOS,初步培养后,以ELISA法检测射干甙对EOS释放MBP和ECP的影响。结果干类中药对支气管老年哮喘有明显疗效,可改善肺功能,减少ECP释放;射干甙明显减少EOS释放MBP和ECP。结论干类中药治疗老年支气管哮喘具有明显疗效,其作用机制在于具有抑制嗜酸性粒细胞脱颗粒的作用。     

喘安对哮喘大鼠肺组织原癌基因c-fos 表达的影响

通过动物实验研究,探讨喘安对哮喘大鼠肺组织c-fos 表达的影响.方法建立大鼠哮喘模型,设立正常组、哮喘模型组、喘安治疗组,必可酮组,桂龙咳喘宁组,喘必组,治疗36天后,分别测定各组肺组织c-fos 阳性细胞表达的数量.结果大鼠肺组织c-fos 阳性细胞表达的数量在各组的数量对比关系呈模型组＞桂龙组＞喘安组＞必可酮组＞喘安加必可酮组＞正常组(各项指标P<0.01或P<0.05).结论喘安治疗哮喘大鼠有效,可能是通过降低肺组织中c-fos 阳性细胞表达的数量起效的.     

布地奈德对支气管哮喘缓解期lgE水平影响的观察

目的观察布地奈德对治疗支气管哮喘缓解期患者血清lgE水平影响。方法通过两组病例对比观察，比较两组患者血清总lgE水平。结果布地奈德的治疗组血清总lgE水平明显低于对照组。结论老年支气管哮喘缓解期患者继续使用布地奈德6个月后，血清总lgE水平明显降低，从而可减少急性发作次数，健康状况得到改善。     

槐杞黄对哮喘气道及血清IL-13水平的影响

目的:探讨IL-13在哮喘患儿血清中的表达及槐杞黄对于哮喘大鼠IL-13表达的可能影响及与布地奈德的共同作用?方法:选择 10例哮喘缓解期儿童 (哮喘组)及10例健康儿童 (健康对照组)为研究对象?两组年龄?性别?体质指数比较差异均无统计学意义?测试两组儿童初诊时肺功能,并利用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzymelinkedimmunosorbentassay,ELISA)检测两组儿童血清 IL-13的水平?取50只4~6周龄的健康雄性SD大鼠,适应性喂养1周后,随机分为5组,即对照组?哮喘模型组?布地奈德组?槐杞黄组?布地奈德联合槐杞黄组?用卵清白蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)致敏及激发共持续6周,建立哮喘模型?通过HE染色观察肺部炎症细胞浸润情况?应用ELISA检测及比较各组大鼠之间肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)及血清中IL-13浓度的差异?结果:与健康对照组儿童比较,哮喘组儿童初诊时第1秒用力呼气量占预测值百分比及呼气峰流速占预测值百分比均升高,血清IL-13水平升高(P < 0.05)?大鼠肺组织病理学改变:模型组气道周围大量炎症细胞浸润?柱状细胞增生?气管壁增厚;对照组则无上述表现;相比模型组,布地奈德组?槐杞黄组?布地奈德联合槐杞黄组大鼠不同程度减轻(P < 0.05)?模型组BALF及血清中IL-13的浓度增加(P < 0.05)?相较于模型组,布地奈德组?槐杞黄组?布地奈德联合槐杞黄组大鼠BALF及血清IL-13浓度有不同程度降低(P < 0.05),且布地奈德联合槐杞黄组变化比布地奈德组更明显(P < 0.05)? 结论:在OVA诱导的大鼠哮喘模型中,使用布地奈德?槐杞黄或是布地奈德联合槐杞黄治疗可以不同程度改善气道IL-13分泌,因而可能改善气道炎症?布地奈德联合槐杞黄治疗可能存在协同效应?