Rényi entropy of m-generalized order statistics

Abstract

Characterizing relations via Rényi entropy of m-generalized order statistics are considered along with examples and related stochastic orderings. Previous results for common order statistics are included.     

Subjective utility with upper and lower probabilities on finite states

This article is concerned with thresholds of discrimination of preference judgments under uncertainty. We establish an axiomatic characterization for a threshold representation, where thresholds are represented by inexact measurement of subjective probabilities, i.e., upper and lower probabilities. Since upper and lower probabilities need not be additive, the representational form adopts the Choquet integration.     

明清时期长江中下游地区的土地利用

我国明清时期长江中下游地区的土地利用状况是自汉、唐以来人地关系日益尖锐的结果。文章在分析了当时土地利用方式的基础上 ,进一步对形成土地集约化经营趋势日趋明显的原因进行了论述 ,并从明清时期的土地利用得出启示 :我国土地资源的开发利用必须走可持续发展之路     

面向21世纪“两课“教学总体研究

2 1世纪 ,复杂多变的国际国内形势 ,给“两课”教学带来前所未有的挑战。鉴于此 ,面向新世纪的“两课”教学总体研究势在必行。研究范围包括深化“两课”教学内容、完善课程体系、建全学科体系、改革教学方法、加强师资队伍建设等多个方面     

陀思妥耶夫斯基与福克纳比较论纲

作为伟大的作家,陀思妥耶夫斯基与福克纳在总体倾向、艺术手段与思想指归上存在着巨大的差异性和惊人的一致性。对他们的比较,是一件饶有兴味也极富挑战意义的事情。     

公共政策的社会观基础

本文从一个新的视角──社会现的视角──审视了公共政策。因为在过去的有关公共政策的定义中，我们无法看出各个政策的重大区别，而事实上它们在是否符合人性的需求，充分考虑民意的基础并有效促进了人民的自由与福利等方面是有着重大区别的。本文将公共政策界定为是一定的权利中心在众多备选的计划、规划或可行之行动方案中作出选择并采取行动的这样一个过程。由此对选择的社会观基础进行考察，社会观影响到了人们对待集体行动的态度，进而又影响到社会秩序观。而持有不同的社会秩序观的人对公共政策有着根本不同的看法，最终得出好的公共政策的基本的制度安排。     

Type I error rates from likelihood‐based repeated measures analyses of incomplete longitudinal data

The last observation carried forward (LOCF) approach is commonly utilized to handle missing values in the primary analysis of clinical trials. However, recent evidence suggests that likelihood‐based analyses developed under the missing at random (MAR) framework are sensible alternatives. The objective of this study was to assess the Type I error rates from a likelihood‐based MAR approach – mixed‐model repeated measures (MMRM) – compared with LOCF when estimating treatment contrasts for mean change from baseline to endpoint (Δ). Data emulating neuropsychiatric clinical trials were simulated in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement of scenarios, using four patterns of mean changes over time and four strategies for deleting data to generate subject dropout via an MAR mechanism. In data with no dropout, estimates of Δ and SE_Δ from MMRM and LOCF were identical. In data with dropout, the Type I error rates (averaged across all scenarios) for MMRM and LOCF were 5.49% and 16.76%, respectively. In 11 of the 16 scenarios, the Type I error rate from MMRM was at least 1.00% closer to the expected rate of 5.00% than the corresponding rate from LOCF. In no scenario did LOCF yield a Type I error rate that was at least 1.00% closer to the expected rate than the corresponding rate from MMRM. The average estimate of SE_Δ from MMRM was greater in data with dropout than in complete data, whereas the average estimate of SE_Δ from LOCF was smaller in data with dropout than in complete data, suggesting that standard errors from MMRM better reflected the uncertainty in the data. The results from this investigation support those from previous studies, which found that MMRM provided reasonable control of Type I error even in the presence of MNAR missingness. No universally best approach to analysis of longitudinal data exists. However, likelihood‐based MAR approaches have been shown to perform well in a variety of situations and are a sensible alternative to the LOCF approach. MNAR methods can be used within a sensitivity analysis framework to test the potential presence and impact of MNAR data, thereby assessing robustness of results from an MAR method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

试论扩招后高校社会治安综合治理

通过对学校社会治安状况的调研,弄清校园及周边社会治安综合治理的重点、难点;分析其普遍性和特殊性;弄清校园及周边人、财、物的动态平衡关系,着力提高防范能力,以便对校园及周边实施科学管理,降低治理成本。运用辩证唯物主义的立场、观点和方法掌握其规律性,有针对性地解决高校扩招后学校社会治安综合治理工作的问题,有力保证学校教学、科研工作,从而促进高校改革的顺利进行,为当地政府和学校领导提供高校扩招后学校社会治安综合治理工作的决策依据。     

传统科技视野下的恐怖主义及其应对

科学技术的发展及其被恶意运用,使当代的恐怖主义活动变得更加复杂多样和令人恐慌.掌握和使用高科技的超级恐怖主义组织的确存在,但对于一般恐怖分子而言,高科技的运用还不大现实.多数情况下,都是传统通用科技引导着普通的恐怖主义活动.恐怖活动与传统通用科技相伴发展的历史事实,表明传统通用科技对恐怖主义与反击恐怖主义双重力量扩张所起的作用,具体体现在武器技术、交通运输和通信技术的应用等方面.科学技术既是恐怖主义盛行的因素,也是恐怖主义的克星,运用高科技手段反击恐怖主义也是我们的必然选择.     

电子商务立法的国际比较及对我国的启示

电子商务的迅速发展实质性地改变了传统市场交易的形式。而作为法律调整和规范的主要对象之一，交易形式的变化要求有新的法律规定与之相适应。在国际上，关于电子商务的立法活动已经形成了一种浪潮。而我国的电子商务立法工作却一直进展缓慢。其中有认识上的问题，更主要的是立法经验的不足。借鉴有关国家电子商务立法的先进经验，我国应当尽快建立和完善电子商务法制，这其中包括应当建立关于电子签名、电子商务认证、电子合同、电子支付等方面的法律规则与制度。