细圆管内纳米颗粒悬浮液流动特性的实验研究

实验研究了细圆管内氧化铜纳米颗粒悬浮液的流动特性．试验段的管径为0．68mm、1.01mm和1.28mm，氧化铜纳米颗粒的平均粒径为50nm，悬浮液中氧化铜纳米颗粒的质量分数分别为0.02,0.04和0.06，分散剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）质量的分数为0.02。实验结果显示，氧化铜纳米颗粒悬浮液的流动压降比去离子水的大，且正比于其质量分数；层流向湍流转化的临界雷诺数小于常规尺度的数值，且正比于管径。     

Exposure Assessment Approaches for Engineered Nanomaterials

Products based on nanotechnology are rapidly emerging in the marketplace, sometimes with little notice to consumers of their nanotechnology pedigree. This wide variety of nanotechnology products will result (in some cases) in unintentional human exposure to purposely engineered nanoscale materials via the dermal, inhalation, ingestion, and ocular pathways. Occupational, consumer, and environmental exposure to the nanomaterials should be characterized during the entire product lifecycle—manufacture, use, and disposal. Monitoring the fate and transport of engineered nanomaterials is complicated by the lack of detection techniques and the lack of a defined set of standardized metrics to be consistently measured. New exposure metrics may be required for engineered nanomaterials, but progress is possible by building on existing tools. An exposure metric matrix could organize existing data by relating likely exposure pathways (dermal, inhalation, ocular, ingestion) with existing measurements of important characteristics of nanoscale materials (particle number, mass, size distribution, charge). Nanomaterial characteristics not commonly measured, but shown to initiate a biological response during toxicity testing, signal a need for further research, such as the pressing need to develop monitoring devices capable of measuring those aspects of engineered nanomaterials that result in biological responses in humans. Modeling the behavior of nanoparticles may require new types of exposure models that individually track particles through the environment while keeping track of the particle shape, surface area, and other surface characteristics as the nanoparticles are transformed or become reactive. Lifecycle analysis could also be used to develop conceptual models of exposure from engineered nanomaterials.     

半连续Ag纳米薄膜显微图像的多重分形谱研究

多重分形谱是分形理论中最基本的一个数学概念,也是分形理论应用中最重要的一个方面。在解决实际问题中多重分形谱主要用来描述物理量不均匀的随机概率分布,通过对半连续Ag纳米薄膜显微图像结构形貌的分析和处理,以及通过薄膜显微图像多灰度概率测度进行多重分形谱分析,用多重分形谱描述随薄膜厚度变化的Ag颗粒的空间分布的不均匀性。实验结果表明,多重分形谱是一种有意义的表征参数,能够从多分形角度对薄膜中Ag厚度的空间分布均匀性和尺寸分布进行定量化的分析和解释。     

Comparison of data analysis procedures for real-time nanoparticle sampling data using classical regression and ARIMA models

Real-time monitoring is necessary for nanoparticle exposure assessment to characterize the exposure profile, but the data produced are autocorrelated. This study was conducted to compare three statistical methods used to analyze data, which constitute autocorrelated time series, and to investigate the effect of averaging time on the reduction of the autocorrelation using field data. First-order autoregressive (AR(1)) and autoregressive-integrated moving average (ARIMA) models are alternative methods that remove autocorrelation. The classical regression method was compared with AR(1) and ARIMA. Three data sets were used. Scanning mobility particle sizer data were used. We compared the results of regression, AR(1), and ARIMA with averaging times of 1, 5, and 10?min. AR(1) and ARIMA models had similar capacities to adjust autocorrelation of real-time data. Because of the non-stationary of real-time monitoring data, the ARIMA was more appropriate. When using the AR(1), transformation into stationary data was necessary. There was no difference with a longer averaging time. This study suggests that the ARIMA model could be used to process real-time monitoring data especially for non-stationary data, and averaging time setting is flexible depending on the data interval required to capture the effects of processes for occupational and environmental nano measurements.     

聚合物基纳米复合材料

聚合物基纳米复合材料以其独特的性能受到人们的重视。主要介绍聚合物基纳米复合材料的制备方法、性能、应用及国内外研究现状。     

聚氨酯/纳米无机粒子复合材料研究

以PTMG、TDI、MOCA为原料,采用预聚法合成聚氨酯弹性体,并选用纳米无机粒子对聚氨酯弹性体进一步增强,通过对纳米碳酸钙、纳米二氧化钛进行表面改性处理,研究了纳米粒子含量、游离-NCO%含量与实验合成温度对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能及热性能的影响,通过SEM验证说明纳米粒子的分散性.