Some matrix results related to a partitioned singular linear model

Consider the linear model (y, Xβ V), where the model matrix X may not have a full column rank and V might be singular. In this paper we introduce a formula for the difference between the BLUES of Xβ under the full model and the model where one observation has been deleted. We also consider the partitioned linear regression model where the model matrix is (X₁: X₂) the corresponding vector of unknown parameters being (β′₁ : β′₂)′. We show that the BLUE of X₁ β₁ under a specific reduced model equals the corresponding BLUE under the original full model and consider some interesting consequences of this result.     

Applying the Partitioned Multiobjective Risk Method (PMRM) to Portfolio Selection

The analysis of risk-return tradeoffs and their practical applications to portfolio analysis paved the way for Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), which won Harry Markowitz a 1992 Nobel Prize in Economics. A typical approach in measuring a portfolio's expected return is based on the historical returns of the assets included in a portfolio. On the other hand, portfolio risk is usually measured using volatility, which is derived from the historical variance-covariance relationships among the portfolio assets. This article focuses on assessing portfolio risk, with emphasis on extreme risks. To date, volatility is a major measure of risk owing to its simplicity and validity for relatively small asset price fluctuations. Volatility is a justified measure for stable market performance, but it is weak in addressing portfolio risk under aberrant market fluctuations. Extreme market crashes such as that on October 19, 1987 ("Black Monday") and catastrophic events such as the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001 that led to a four-day suspension of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) are a few examples where measuring risk via volatility can lead to inaccurate predictions. Thus, there is a need for a more robust metric of risk. By invoking the principles of the extreme-risk-analysis method through the partitioned multiobjective risk method (PMRM), this article contributes to the modeling of extreme risks in portfolio performance. A measure of an extreme portfolio risk, denoted by f(4), is defined as the conditional expectation for a lower-tail region of the distribution of the possible portfolio returns. This article presents a multiobjective problem formulation consisting of optimizing expected return and f(4), whose solution is determined using Evolver-a software that implements a genetic algorithm. Under business-as-usual market scenarios, the results of the proposed PMRM portfolio selection model are found to be compatible with those of the volatility-based model. However, under extremely unfavorable market conditions, results indicate that f(4) can be a more valid measure of risk than volatility.     

论小区停车位的归属

解决小区停车位归属的问题,应当采取共有和专有相结合的综合归属模式。按照法定配置比例建设的小区停车位属于小区住宅的必要配套设施,从保障业主最基本的停车需求的角度出发,法律应当强制性地规定这部分停车位归业主共有。增设的小区停车位如果具有构造上的独立性、利用上的独立性,且能够进行单独登记,就可以认定为专有部分。综合模式能够更好地平衡小区业主与开发商的利益,解决停车位归属的纠纷和矛盾,对于创建和谐稳定的社区具有积极意义。     

分块结式矩阵逆阵的快速算法

利用结式矩阵求逆矩阵的多项式快速算法,给出了具有结式矩阵块的分块矩阵逆矩阵的一种快速算法。该算法仅用结式矩阵的第一行元素进行计算,在计算机上实现时只有舍入误差,故在理论上是精确的。最后给出了应用该算法的数值例子。     

An algorithm for the estimation of poisson regressions involving structural change

We consider the estimation of Poisson regression models in which structural variation in a subset of the parameters is permitted. It is noted that coventional estimation algorithms are likely to impose restrictions on the number of explanatory variables and the number of structural regimes. We propose an alternative algorithm that implements partitioned matrix inversion and thereby avoids restictions on the size of the model. The algorithm is applied to a model of shopping behavior Adjustments in the algorithm necessary for dealing with censored data are detailed.     

On additive and block decompositions of WLSEs under a multiple partitioned regression model

While considering the mechanism of weighted least-squares estimators (WLSEs) of regression coefficients in a partitioned linear model, Tian and Takane [On sum decompositions of weighted least-squares estimators under the partitioned linear model, Comm. Statist. Theory Methods 37 (2008), pp. 55–69] gave some identifying conditions for the WLSEs to be the sum of WLSEs under its two small models based on orthogonality of regressors with respect to the given weight matrix. The purpose of this paper is to show how to establish additive and block decompositions of WLSEs under a multiple partitioned linear model and its k small models based on orthogonality of regressors with respect to a given weight matrix.     

A note on homogeneity tests when combining 2×2 tables

This paper examines the use of homogeneity tests prior to tests of overall association among g 2 x 2 tables. When placed in the context of a one-way analysis of variance, hypotheses of overall association and homogeneity can be viewed as hypotheses regarding mean and treatment effects, respectively. In this context, the need for homogeneity tests is presented. What constitutes a relevant test of homogeneity is also examined. The conclusion is that some of the difficulties raised in the literature regarding tests of homogeneity stem from differences in the hypothesis of association being examined.     

建筑物区分所有权问题浅析

《中华人民共和国物权法》在第二编"所有权"的第六章以14条的篇幅集中规定了我国业主的建筑物区分所有权的相关内容。该规定在业主大会与业主委员会的团体性质、车库和车位的分配问题、业主共同事项决议方式以及共有部分使用、修缮费用承担和收益分配的问题等方面存在不足,有必要在立法上加以完善。     

商业银行操作风险的度量与资本需求模型

目前,商业银行操作风险的度量大都是在操作风险损失数据的分布假定下、根据VaR风险度量方法给出资本需求（风险准备金）,这一理论方法的基础是假定分布。然而商业银行操作风险的准备金往往又是一个基本确定的数值或需求区间,这就给风险准备金提出了比较严格的要求,否则将为商业银行操作带来一定的风险隐患。故根据分区多目标风险方法度量操作风险,并在此基础上根据信息熵的理论给出最优的资本需求（风险准备金）及其模型,其方法的优点是灵活简单,但要求初始密度函数的极值分布收敛于耿贝尔类型。为此给出实证分析,以说明两者之间的关系,这一理论方法可以为监管部门的管理提供一定程度的参考。     

BETWEEN OLSE AND BLUE

Several estimators of X β under the general Gauss–Markov model are considered. Particular attention is paid to those estimators whose efficiency lies between that of the ordinary least squares estimator and that of the best linear unbiased estimator.