The Evolution of Knowledge and the Dynamics of an Industry Network

The paper moves a step forward in the direction of establishing a connection between the structure and evolution of knowledge bases and the structure and evolution of organizational forms in innovative activities in a science-intensive industry. The paper has an explicit focus on the dynamics of the network of collaborative agreements in R&D in the pharma/biotech industry after the “molecular biology revolution”. Using a comprehensive dataset, built by the authors integrating several sources in the industry, the dynamics of the network over time is extensively analyzed. With regards to network structure, it is found that, while the size of the network increases over time due to net flows of entry, its topological properties remain relatively unchanged. The evolution of the network has occurred without relevant deformations in the core-periphery profile. With regards to age-dependent propensity to collaborate, the paper finds that the extent of inter-generational collaboration is much more significant than intra-generational collaboration. In addition, the propensity of firms of a given generation to enter into collaboration with firms of a different generation increases with the distance between the two, while the total number of intra-generational collaborations decreases over time and, moreover, tends to decrease for most recent generations. In the paper a unitary and coherent explanation of the evidence is developed, coming to reveal the existence of a striking isomorphism between structural properties of the dynamics of knowledge and of the evolution of network structure. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The precision of regression-type estimator for incremental cost–effectiveness ratio

The estimation of incremental cost–effectiveness ratio (ICER) has received increasing attention recently. It is expressed in terms of the ratio of the change in costs of a therapeutic intervention to the change in the effects of the intervention. Despite the intuitive interpretation of ICER as an additional cost per additional benefit unit, it is a challenge to estimate the distribution of a ratio of two stochastically dependent distributions. A vast literature regarding the statistical methods of ICER has developed in the past two decades, but none of these methods provide an unbiased estimator. Here, to obtain the unbiased estimator of the cost–effectiveness ratio (CER), the zero intercept of the bivariate normal regression is assumed. In equal sample sizes, the Iman–Conover algorithm is applied to construct the desired variance–covariance matrix of two random bivariate samples, and the estimation then follows the same approach as CER to obtain the unbiased estimator of ICER. The bootstrapping method with the Iman–Conover algorithm is employed for unequal sample sizes. Simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed method. The regression-type estimator performs overwhelmingly better than the sample mean estimator in terms of mean squared error in all cases.     

公司治理对会计信息披露质量影响 ——基于我国生物医药业上市公司的实证研究

会计信息披露是企业向信息使用者揭示和反映企业价值运动,高质量的信息披露可以降低信息不对称程度,使投资者能更正确地做出判断.以生物医药业上市公司为例,采用Logistic回归分析方法,系统研究公司治理与会计信息的披露质量之间的关系,发现公司治理中的董事会规模、独立董事比例和监事会规模的提高会使得会计信息披露质量得到提高,董事会会议次数与会计信息披露质量显著负相关.     

集成化供应链药事服务项目在药品流通管理中的应用

面对新医改的要求以及医院间日益激烈的竞争,如何在提高医院的整体服务质量的同时不断降低医院的运营成本,更好地为患者服务已经成为医院管理的重要内容.其中降低药品流通成本又是最核心的因素,也是社会普遍关注的热点话题.为此,采用信息化手段,通过对医院药品流通的数个环节的整合重构,采用一体化的管理模式开发集成化供应链药事服务项目.通过该项目的实施减少了药品流通环节及药品流通成本,提高了药品周转率,降低了药品库存量及药品占用款,实现了医院药品流通的精细化管理.为医院药品流通的科学管理奠定了实践基础,同时转变了管理理念,提升了医院的核心竞争力.     

浅谈制药企业应收账款管理

通过分析制药企业面临的外部和内部环境，指出制药企业应收帐款管理存在的问题，并针对这些问题提出了具体的应对措施。     

药学英语的语篇特点与翻译

药学英语语篇研究涉及面广,根据系统功能语言学语域理论分析可分为药学普通科技文体和药学专用科技文体两大类别。不同类型的语篇在语场、语式和语旨上均有很大差异,在翻译时要注意合理运用翻译策略和技巧。本文通过对比分析两个不同类型的语篇实例,探讨了药学英语的语篇特征对翻译策略选择的启示。     

我国制药业研究开发与国际水平的差距及对策

文本首先比较了我国与全球领先制药公司研究开发的差距。作者认为 ,我国制药业在资源投入上难以与他们抗衡。但从日本制药公司及西方成功制药公司的经验来看 ,我国制药业可以通过加强创新管理来弥补其不足 ,获得应有的竞争优势     

Re-inscribing Gender in New Modes of Medical Expertise: The Investigator-Coordinator Relationship in the Clinical Trials Industry

This article analyses the ways in which research coordinators forge professional identities in the highly gendered organizational context of the clinic. Drawing upon qualitative research on the organization of the clinical trials industry (that is, the private sector, for profit auxiliary companies that support pharmaceutical drug studies), this article explores the relationships between predominantly male physician-investigators and female research coordinators and the constitution of medical expertise in pharmaceutical drug development. One finding is that coordinators actively seek to establish relationships with investigators that mirror traditional doctor-nurse relationships, in which the feminized role is subordinated and devalued. Another finding is that the coordinators do, in fact, have profound research expertise that is frequently greater than that of the investigators. The coordinators develop expertise on pharmaceutical products and diseases through their observations of the patterns that occur in patient-participants' responses to investigational drugs. The article argues, however, that the nature of the relationships between coordinators and investigators renders invisible the coordinators' expertise. In this context, gender acts as a persistent social structure shaping both coordinators' and investigators' perceptions of who can be recognized as having authority and power in the workplace.     

医药企业市场创新过程分析与核心竞争力的提升

着力于医药企业市场创新这一层面,对医药企业核心竞争力的提升进行分析。通过对市场创新过程的具体模型分析,证明市场创新对于企业获得利润、取得竞争优势从而提升核心竞争力的重要性。同时也从医药企业的市场创新所带来的相关方面的创新,包括产品和技术的创新、人才机制的创新和营销方式的创新三方面来说明如何提升医药企业核心竞争力。     

《药物分析》教学实践与认识

结合作者自身教学实践,对现有的《药物分析》教学内容、方法不足之处进行了初步分析,并从扩充教学内容,科研实践与理论教学相结合,适度应用现代化教学手段,应用师生互动教学模式、利用“开放性”教学法实验教学,灵活用运双语教学六个方面进行了初步探讨与实践,取得了一定成效。