Gender differences in willingness to compete: The role of public observability

A recent literature emphasizes that gender differences in the labor market may in part be driven by a gender gap in willingness to compete. However, whereas experiments in this literature typically investigate willingness to compete in private environments, real world competitions often have a more public nature, which introduces potential social image concerns. If such image concerns are important, and men and women differ in the degree to which they want to be seen as competitive, making tournament entry decisions publicly observable may further exacerbate the gender gap. We test this prediction using a laboratory experiment (N = 784) that varies the degree to which the decision to compete, and its outcome, is publicly observable. We find that public observability does not alter the magnitude of the gender gap in willingness to compete in an economically or statistically significant way.     

小学教育专业之教育专业课程建构的逻辑

小学教育专业的培养目标决定了小学教育专业课程体系的基本逻辑：以通识课程奠基，以学科课程立命，以教育课程定向。教育专业课程是小学教育专业课程体系的重要构成部分。其基本逻辑结构包括学科课程、活动课程和技能课程。学科课程可按照认识小学教育、理解小学教育教学过程、学会研究小学教育的逻辑来建构；活动课程可按照感知小学教育、实践小学教育、研究小学教育来建构；技能课程可按照小学教师公共职业技能和学科职业技能来建构。     

广西贫困地区村级寄宿制完全小学基本建设研究

台湾影光基金会在广西贫困地区捐助的 14所村级寄宿制完全小学的基本建设体现了“学校即社会 ,生活即教育 ,村民是学校的主人”的办学宗旨 ,与国家的《农村中小学基本建设试行标准》进行比较 ,作为“社区文化中心”的寄宿制学校的基本硬件应包括教室、师生宿舍、多功能厅和厕所浴室等基建参数的指标 ,在基本建设中应遵循校舍建设优先、满足社会需求、村校合作、村民共管等 8项原则     

T.S艾略特之"阿尔佛雷特的爱之歌"与新批评主义

Ｔ .Ｓ .Ｅｌｉｏｔ -ａＣｅｌｅｂｒａｔｅｄＡｍｅｒｉｅａｎＰｏ ｅｔ,ＤｒａｍａｔｉｓｔａｎｄｃｒｉｔｉｃＴ .Ｓ .Ｅｌｉｏｔ (1 888— 1 965 ) ,ａｃｅｌｅｂｒａｔｅｄＡｍｅｒｉ ｃａｎｐｏｅｔ,ｄｒａｍａｔｉｓｔａｎｄｃｒｉｔｉｃ,ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄａｎｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｌａｓｓｉｃａｌｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅｗｈｅｎｈｅｗａｓｙｏｕｎｇ .ＨｅｆｉｎｉｓｈｅｄｈｉｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｉｎＨａｒｖａｒｄｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅｇｕｉｄａｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｗｅｌｌ-ｋｎｏｗｎｓｃｈｏｌａｒｓＩｒｖｉｎ…     

实用电源变压器检测台

该电路设计简单、构思新颖 ,适合小批量测试小型电源变压器的空载电流、额定电流及次级空载电压、满载电压、负载电流等参数     

试析抗战时期国民政府对基层民意机关的理论设计

本文从总原则与具体细节两个方面论述了抗战时期国民政府对基层民意机关的理论设计，并且指出这种设计具有两个显著特点：１．阶级性，２．欺骗性。     

A class of count models and a new consistent test for the Poisson distribution

We define a class of count distributions which includes the Poisson as well as many alternative count models. Then the empirical probability generating function is utilized to construct a test for the Poisson distribution, which is consistent against this class of alternatives. The limit distribution of the test statistic is derived in case of a general underlying distribution, and efficiency considerations are addressed. A simulation study indicates that the new test is comparable in performance to more complicated omnibus tests.     

Lower bounds on expectations of positive L-statistics from without-replacement models

We consider samples drawn without replacement from finite populations. We establish optimal lower non-negative and upper non-positive bounds on the expectations of linear combinations of order statistics centered about the population mean in units generated by the population central absolute moments of various orders. We also specify the general results for important examples of sample extremes, Gini mean differences and sample range. The paper completes the results of Papadatos and Rychlik [2004. Bounds on expectations of L-statistics from without replacement samples. J. Statist. Plann. Inference 124, 317–336], where sharp negative lower and positive upper bounds on the expectations of the combinations were presented for the without-replacement samples.     

Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test for stratified samples and Efron's paradox dice

Two-treatment multi-center clinical trials are the most common type of clinical trials in practice. The aim of this paper is to discuss a curious property of certain standard nonparametric procedures used in the analysis of such clinical trials. Different analyses of a simulated data example are presented, which lead to contrasting and surprising results. The source of the potentially misleading outcome is then explored while relating the simulated data with the concept of Efron's paradox dice and the notion of nontransitivity. With the root of the problem established, an alternate nonparametric method from the literature is shown to address the problem. Finally, pointing out an interpretational concern of using the alternate procedure, a modification to this procedure is also suggested and corresponding theoretical results are presented.     

先进生产力、先进政党与初级阶段国情

生产力内部的矛盾,使生产力有先进与落后之别。中国共产党“始终代表先进生产力的发展要求”这一论断,深化和发展了马克思主义生产力理论,从时间和空间看,生产力的先进性分别具有绝对性和相对性。社会主义初级阶段大国的国情,决定了中国共产党始终代表的是“中国的”“先进的”生产力。