论我国刑事诉讼中“非法证据”的界定标准

在刑事非法证据排除规则的具体运用中,"非法证据"的界定是当然前提。非法证据并非是任一证据合法性要件欠缺的广义非法证据,而专指取证主体通过严重非法的手段或者侵犯公民基本权利的方式所获取的证据材料。我国刑事非法证据包括非法言词证据和非法实物证据两类,两类非法证据在实际判断中虽存在差异,但都应围绕取证手段的非法性展开,分别考察取证手段是否违反法律规定以及违法的严重程度,以准确界定刑事非法证据的范围。     

Visualization of generalized mean estimators using auxiliary information in survey sampling

Abstract

The mean estimators with ratio depend on multiple auxiliary variables and unknown parameters in a finite population setting. We propose a new generalized approach with matrices for modeling the mutivariate mean estimators with two auxiliary variables. Our approach brings naturally a graphical analysis for comparing mean estimators.     

农地优化利用与农地产权制度创新

不合理的农地产权制度有碍农村土地的优化利用 ;合理的农地产权制度能够促进农村土地的优化利用。由于现行农地产权制度存在着诸多缺陷 ,因此 ,创新农地产权制度 ,重塑农地产权主体 ,以立法方式界定农地产权内容 ,加快农地产权的证券化进程 ,可以达到优化配置、高效利用农村土地的目的     

性感——唐代服装的审美特点

文章主要从唐代开放的时代背景,以及唐代服装的形制、面料的色彩、服装的质料等角度阐述唐代服装性感的审美因素.     

格式条款法律特征刍议

格式条款是合同法上的重要制度。我国现有合同法论著一般并未将格式条款的构成要件作为一个独立问题加以研究，笔者主要从六个方面分析讨论了格式条款的法律特征，即制订方面的特征、适用范围方面的特征、内容方面的特征、当事人关系方面的特征、形式方面的特征、解释方面的特征。     

开放式数控切割机神经网络误差补偿研究

分析了影响数控火焰切割机加工精度的主要因素,利用开放式数控系统的软件开放性,提出了采用IGCAQBP学习算法的神经网络方法来对包括金属热变形、机械传动误差等非线性因素在内的多种因素造成的加工误差进行误差补偿,设计了嵌入开放式数控系统中的神经网络误差补偿器,给出了实用的补偿器使用方法,并对误差补偿功能进行了扩展,仿真结果和实际应用表明该方法稳定有效。     

串联稳压器基准误差放大电路的设计

针对串联型稳压器,设计了一种应用于串联型稳压器具有自建基准的新型误差放大电路。该电路具有构思巧妙,结构优化,易于集成及较高的开环增益,共模抑制比及交流特性的优点。通过验证,实测数据与仿真结果基本一致。     

Some remarks on the physical models concerning two different approaches to inference in statistical process control

Summary For technological applications it can be useful to identify some simple physical mechanisms, which, on the basis of the available knowledge of the production process, may suggest the most appropriate approach to statistical control of the random quantities of interest. For this purpose the notion of rupture point is introduced firstly. A rupture point is characterized bym randomly arising out of control states, assumed to be mutually exclusive and stochastically independent. Shewhart's control charts seem to represent the natural statistical tool for controlling a rupture point; however it is shown that they are fully justified only when the hazard rates attached to the causes of failure are constant. Otherwise, typically in the presence of time increasing hazard rates, Shewhart's control charts should be completed by a preventive intervention rule (preventive maintenance). In the second place, the notion of dynamic instability point is introduced, which is specifically characterized by assuming that the random quantity of interest is ruled by a stochastic differential equation with constant coefficients. By discretization, developed according to a possibly new approach, it is shown that the former model reduces to an equation error model, which is among the simplest used in adaptive control, and thus particularly easy to deal with in regard to parameter estimation and the definition of the optimum control rule.     

试论教学语言的规范化

长期以来,人们对教学语言规范化标准的认识一直停留在浅表层面,这早已对教学语言水平的提高形成了不利的影响,根本无法适应现代化人才培养的需要。教学语言规范化的标准应体现教师行业语言的突出特点和教学工作对它的基本要求。其内容指标按程度可分为初、中、高级三个档次。这三个档次从内容、形式和方法等方面对教学语言的规范化作了具体而明确的规定,为真正优化教学语言的质量提出了前提条件。     

行政诉讼证明标准刍议

本文以行政诉讼证明标准的涵义和特征为切入点进行分析，提出通过司法解释的方式对我国的行政诉讼证明标准进行革新的建议。