略论1946年上海摊贩请愿事件的几个问题

1946年的上海摊贩事件是两个性质运动的混合,之前的研究多集中在对事件过程的史实清理层面,缺少对摊贩事件中各方的利益争夺和政府应对的分析。本文拟在前人史实探索基本清楚的前提下,对1946年上海的社会经济状况和摊贩的经营状况、国民政府上海市政府和国民党上海市党部的应对及事件的社会政治意义加以阐发,以期更深入地了解当时的社会状况,并对整个事件给出更深入的结论。     

二十世纪初的游动摊贩与中国城市社会生活——以武汉、上海为中心的考察

游动摊贩是活跃在古今中外、城市乡村的一个社会群体。在近代中国城市社会,游动摊贩遭遇了新的生机与挑战。都市的胸襟确实给他们提供了谋生的机会,但即便他们练就五花八门的生存技艺,却依旧无法摆脱漂移不定的生活境遇。他们与都市居民形成了良好的互动,与市民日常生活相伴相生,成为美妙的城市之音。然而,其难以避免的不良习性,又成为城市社会不和谐的音符。在近代中国市政建设和城市管理浪潮中,摊贩被纳入国家强力控制范围,他们因生计问题与市容交通之悖时而与市政当局滋生冲突。尽管面对国家公权的暴力执法,大多小贩无力应对而选择忍受避让,但当生存受到威胁时,他们也会联合起来,采取激烈的抗拒行为,以维护自己的基本生存权和生活方式。冲突的结果是,市政当局回到体恤民生的政策与实践轨道上来,终归重获地方社会的秩序和安宁。     

赣南脐橙销售商机会主义行为博弈分析

从关于机会主义的研究出发,以赣南脐橙为例,运用博弈模型分析销售商机会主义行为形成原因。通过销售商与监管部门、销售商与消费者之间的博弈分析,得出销售商是否采取机会主义行为主要取决于获得的收益大小,因此强化政府的监管是解决由此导致的市场失灵问题的重要途径。最后还提出了相应的对策建议。     

构建城管执法的协商治理模式

改革开放以来,伴随着城市化进程的快速发展,加强和创新城市管理变得越来越重要。城市管理中城管人员与摊贩之间的博弈,主要表现为散乱经营、消极配合、全面对峙、默契共生和和谐相处五个场景,以及形式化、粗暴化、自由化和人性化四种执法模式。在城管执法中引入市民群体,构建城管人员、流动摊贩和市民三方共同参与的协商治理模式,以期更好地解决城管执法困境。     

Formalization of Urban Poor Vendors and their Contribution to Tourism Development in Manila,Philippines

The growth of tourism and tourism development affects the urban poor both positively and negatively. Positively, they have more opportunities to find jobs in the tourism sector or increase their income when their jobs are related to tourism. They can also be the beneficiaries of pro-poor tourism projects. Negatively, they are viewed as an obstacle to tourism development where clean and modern images are sought. This study looks at park vendors (a type of urban poor) in Rizal Park, Manila, Philippines. This group is unique because it is not treated as a hindrance to tourism development and the vendors are considered as the beneficiaries of pro-poor tourism projects. They are active contributors to tourism development. When a government agency formalized their businesses, vendors' safety and pride increased. This study provides a case in which a shift from the informal sector to the formal sector contributed to the increased welfare of the urban poor. The shift was possible because of a national tourism drive generating favorable conditions, and the vendors' struggle to obtain the right to work in the park. In this paper, I discuss how the vendors achieved a legal status and show current conditions of their work and their relationship with a government agency after obtaining the right. Data for this study were collected between 2005 and 2008.     

供应链合作伙伴的评价方法

供应链中供应商的评价与选择是供应链组构中的一项关键内容。本文以制造业中的采购管理为背景,讨论了供应商的评价准则及评价方法。     

基于弹性理念的苏州流动摊贩区布局模式和规划对策研究

流动摊贩区问题成为我国越来越多城市发展中久治不愈的顽疾,而与之有关的处理方法往往太过简单生硬,由此而引发了许多值得深思的现实问题。笔者从规划的角度出发,以弹性理念为指导,实地调研了苏州5大城区流动摊贩区状况,分别从流动摊贩区的经营特征、活动特征、分布形态特征对其进行分析,探寻其在区域内的时空分布规律,旨在研究出一套行之有效的布局模式和规划对策,为城市处理流动摊贩区问题提供一种新的思路和借鉴。     

Space,gentrification and traditional open-air markets: how do vendors in the Carmel market in Tel Aviv interpret changes?

Space is often believed to lose its importance in the global era as individuals cease to interact face-to-face in favor of online communication. Studying the Carmel market located in city center Tel Aviv, Israel aims to show how space, in a global city, is constantly produced, reproduced, and transformed in reaction to the changes in the community that uses the space and remains an invaluable resource for its users. By specifying the vendors’ perspective on the changes the market undergoes, this article offers an often missing aspect of the study of space, gentrification, and human action. It argues that public spaces in gentrified areas provide the vendors with means to instill their actions, traditional values which often lose their primacy in a global era and gain social recognition. I spent two years of participant observation and detailed ethnographic interviews with vendors. These have led me to conclude that in addition to a steady income that access to space provides, the vendors claim access to space to enable them to sustain familial values and offer to members of the community the opportunity of face-to-face interaction. Also they interpret their interaction with the new clients as a means of compensating for lack of social upward mobility.     

从冲突到合谋：城管与摊贩的交往逻辑

探讨了社会治理议题中城管与街头摊贩关系从冲突到合谋的外在表现和内在形成机制。以汉正街城管执法人员为研究对象,通过参与观察和案例分析,以动态视角考察城管队员的一线执法行为,指出城管队员作为政府执法者在进行社会治理过程中,因其执法权利受到来自各方制约以至于其为顺利完成任务而与摊贩合谋,成为当前城市管理中的常见现象。最后,摊贩的存在是当前社会发展的必然产物,政府应承认摊贩存在的必要性,变“清理”为“管理”,从而提高社会治理水平,减少社会冲突。     

The Triumvirate: Effective Communication Across Publisher,Library, and Discovery Channels

Abstract

In examining data transfer challenges from both librarian and publisher perspectives, this article based on a NC Serials Conference presentation calls for proactive industry communication across publisher, library, and discovery service channels. The authors discuss the importance of collaborative communication across the industry.