U.S. foreign policies of presidents Bush and Clinton: The influence of China's most favored nation status upon human rights issues |
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| Institution: | 1. Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 100 ORAU Way, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA;2. National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA;1. Harvard University, John A. Paulsen School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States;2. Wyss Institute for Biologically-Inspired Engineering, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, United States;1. Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;3. CAVElab – Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, Belgium;4. Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;5. GOFC-GOLD Land Cover Project Office, Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia;2. Land Division, Defence Science and Technology, Australia;1. Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;2. Social and Behavioral Science Department, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia;3. Society for Promoting Participative Ecosystem Management, Pune, India;4. Energy & Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA;1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon;2. University of Göttingen, Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany;3. Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques (FMSP), Université de Douala, BP 2701, Douala, Cameroon;4. Nanomaterials and Medicinal Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | The United States must find a new direction in its efforts to curb China's human rights abuses. The change will be a slow and difficult one, with each step measured by countless sacrifices. Without such steps, however, tens of thousands will suffer. During the last two presidential administrations, focus on human rights issues has increased as a result of the Tiananmen Square massacre. With the recent signing of China's most favored nation (MFN) status, Clinton has succesfully separated the issues of human rights abuses and international economics. Although he may have hoped to curb such abuses early in his presidency, he fell victim to the growing complexity of Congress and the ability of special interest groups to influence legislators. A possible explanation for the support of the MFN status by both presidents may be evident in their previous experiences. Bush, a former ambassador to China and representative at the United Nations, had a strong foreign policy background. Clinton, however, with a weak foreign policy background and no military experience, relies heavily on Vice President Gore's military history—during the Vietnam War—as well as his strengths in foreign service. |
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