Different Choices in Cultural Development Between Modern China and Japan:A Contrastive Analysis of the Two Books Encouraging Learning

Two books with the same name Encouraging Learning were written by Zhang Zhidong and Fukuzawa Yukichi respectively in the modernization of China and Japan in the late 19th century.Both advocated learning from the West and managed to map out the cultural development for his own country,but there were essential differences.Zhang's purpose was to veto Kang Youwei,hence setting himself against democracy,individual freedom and independence.Fukuzawa's purpose was just to the contrary.He highlighted the civil right...