Development of Citizen-Organized Environmental NGOs in China |
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| Authors: | Jiang Ru Leonard Ortolano |
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| Institution: | (1) East Asia Sustainable Development Department, The World Bank, Washington, DC 20433, USA;(2) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Social movement theories provide a framework for explaining the post-1990 rise in China’s citizen-organized environmental
nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs), which consisted of at least 128 organizations as of 2004. We use a political process
model, which is based on favorable political opportunities, cognitive liberation, and indigenous organizational strength,
to explain the sharp growth in citizen organized ENGOs. In addition, we employ a world society perspective to help clarify
why the political environment in China became favorable for ENGO growth, and how international ENGO practices were diffused
within China. Our analysis shows that the relatively high status of ENGO founders together with their personal and professional
networks also played important roles in ENGO growth.
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| Keywords: | China Environmental NGOs Political process model World society Social movements |
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