扬雄评司马迁之意义

扬雄作为汉代思想家,他对司马迁评价甚高,将其与孔子相提并论,但他并非完全赞同司马迁的观点。扬雄评价司马迁的意义在于:其一,扬雄标举司马迁在史学上的突出地位,实际上是公认其在史学的独立性,将史学与儒学并列起来;其二,他评司马迁"爱奇"、"多知"而"杂",首先是抓史学思想,以儒家思想为批评的标尺,在传统史学领域具有代表性,也反映了司马迁史学的丰富性及其思想的特异性;其三,他评司马迁《史记》"实录",注意史学之记事行文的最基本问题是很重要的。但仅以"实录"而称"良史之才"失之片面,应当加上史学思想;只有思想性与艺术性都好,才可谓"良史之才"。扬雄的看法与评论在中国史学史上有重要的意义。

On the Significance of the Comment Made by YANG Xiong Concerning SIMA Qian

YANG Xiong as a thinker in Han Dynasty praises SIMA Qian highly,and even compares him with Confucius.The significance of his praise lies in the following:firstly,his praise of SIMA Qian concerning his position in historiography in fact is the affirmation of the independence of the latter publicly and juxtaposes historiography with Confucianism;secondly,his comment on the"curiosity","learnedness"and"miscellany"of the latter shows his grasp of the historiographical ideas in the first place,having Confucianism as the critical criteria.This method is representative in traditional historiographical field and reflects the richness of the historiography of SIMA Qian and his peculiar characteristics;thirdly,his comment on the feature of"real documentation"in Shiji stresses the importance of historiographical recording and writing."Real documentation"dose not necessarily leads to"refined historiographical writing"because the former should be reinforced with ideas;the latter requires a combination of ideas and art.YANG Xiong's opinions and comments have great importance in Chinese history of historiography.