论政策的司法回应——以1979年以来我国企业改革政策为例

在全国法院倡行服务大局、能动司法的背景下,政策如何影响司法裁判已成为司法理论与实务不容回避的话题。以我国企业改革政策为切入点,对1979年以来最高人民法院的工作报告与国务院政府工作报告对比分析,初步梳理司法回应政策的四个演进阶段。通过对最高人民法院44个破产案件审理相关文件解读,将司法回应政策的具体形态区分为四种形态。进而强调司法回应政策应保持必要的谨慎,并从司法回应政策的基本定位、区分政策层级对回应形态的选择适用、制定回应的前置程序、个案回应形成指导性案例这四个方面,理性建构司法对政策的良性回应机制。

On the Judicial Responses to Policies——Based on the examples of the Chinese enterprise reform policies since 1979

With this background of active judiciary and service for the overall situation initiated by the courts in China,how much the policies influence judicial judgments is an unavoidable problem in the current judicial theory and the practicing field.National enterprise reform policies are used as starting points for the project in this article.And by comparatively analyzing the work reports of China’s State Council and the Supreme People’s Court since 1979.The author has teased out four evolutional stages of the judicial responses to policies.Based on forty-four bankruptcy cases given by the Supreme People’s Court,this paper puts forward three different patterns of judicial responses to policies,and give an emphasis that some caution is necessarily needed over the responses.The author deduces that there are four ways to rationally construct benign mechanisms,which are:the basic position of the judicial responses to policies,distinguishing the proper applications of policy hierarchy in accordance with responding patterns,the procedure of making responses,and guiding cases from individual cases.