粮食民俗与粮食主权

在当代,研究中国的粮食民俗,建立适合中国地理环境、社会基础和风俗习惯的粮食生产、粮食消费和粮食管理模式,解释中国民俗在粮食问题上的地位,探讨在现代化的进程中和全球化的冲击下,在从自由经济的农业社会向市场经济的工业社会转型时期保持粮农的民俗权利和人民饮食上的文化多样性的意义,并指出其中可继承的优秀民俗文化,是一项重要的工作.它有利于反思和发展本民族的传统自养模式,维护国家粮食主权,保护民俗文化遗产,建设节约型的和谐社会.

Farmers' Customs for and Sovereignty over Grain

One of the huge impacts globalization has brought to Chinese people is the impact on farmers' customs for grain,or rather,on the national self-sufficiency model.This model has three features:(1) Laying stress on eco-seasonal production.Farmers can easily adapt to the geographic and climatic conditions.They strictly follow natural law in farming,and assign a special cultural meaning to those completely in-season grain products in order to offer sacrifices to the ancestors,worship gods and deities,or test happiness.(2) Making a balance of the diversity of grains that are mutually beneficial.Farmers make the best economic use of land to meet the daily needs by developing grain,which can somehow withstand natural disasters.(3) Respecting the right of the grain's place of origin.Symbolic management in the said place is usually conducted by myths,legends and festival celebrations to establish social order of grain sovereignty,and co-ordinate the relations between national agriculture and family agriculture. In Chinese agricultural society of natural economy,grain has become the standard of the formation of population,the scale of a society and moral disciplines.It has thus formed a non-material culture that cherishes grain and respects land and water,as well as a noble economic awareness.Chinese cuisine has long been world-famous,reaching across the national boundary and becoming a successful carrier of communications with other countries.An industrial agriculture model has emerged in modernization and globalization.Under the market economy,many grain productions have been separated from the rights of land and water,and become part of commercial serial.Some grain productions,which are international-grain-project-investment oriented,hi-tech guided, and developed by intensive farming,have upset the balance between national self-sufficiency model and regional natural resources,and disintegrated the value system based on national grain management and farmers' customs for grain.While they gain the grain projects,farmers unconsciously give up their sovereignty over grain.To safeguard farmers' customs for grain is a long-term solemn battle in the present world.The so-called grain customs in the past is naturally passed on within a nation,but now require conscious efforts of each member of the nation to preserve.In this connection,therefore,to obtain a correct understanding of the grain customs is important to safeguarding national sovereignty over grain and build a conservation-oriented and sustainable-development society.It is required that contemporary higher education should be involved in this work.