清代东北地区林业管理的变化及其影响

清朝建立以后,清政府对东北森林长期实行封禁措施,在客观上保护了东北森林。晚清时期,清政府迫于内外交困的严峻形势,不得不对东北森林实行开禁,这虽然促进了经济的发展,但却给东北森林造成了严重破坏,导致生态环境的迅速恶化。清代东北地区的林业管理经历了从封禁到开禁的变化过程。理清当时林业管理的演变轨迹,探究其变化原因,揭示其深远影响,能够为当今的林业建设提供启示。

Change and Influence of Northeastern Region's Forestry Management in Qing Dynasty

Since the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government carried out forbidden measure for long-term management of forest in northeastern region. It objectively protected the forest. In late Qing Dynasty, the government had to lift a ban on the northeast forest forced by internal and external troubles. Although this measure promoted the development of economy, the forest had been destructed and ecological environment had been deteriorated in that area. To provide historical enlightenment for forestry construction nowadays, this paper clears the evolution track of forestry management in northeastern region at that time, explores its changing reasons, and reveals its profound influence.