明代进士的姓名及婚姻——以明代进士登科录为中心的考察

明代大体以嘉靖朝为断限,之前进士的姓名多用二字,至成化年间达到了顶峰,之后渐趋于三字。嘉靖以前进士姓名不仅多用二字,且尤喜带“王”旁的字入名,以取其吉祥富贵之义。《进士登科录》上所载姓名,个别进士也可能日后复姓易名。明代进士有两个以上母亲的占总数的20%-30%,而进士本人娶两个以上妻子的占总数的百分之十几至二十几。其中,进士的若干个母亲或妻子同姓氏者占有一定数量,说明当时还存在着同姓或同族的若干个女子嫁给同一个男人的现象。而母亲与妻子同姓氏者所占比例稍大一点,说明这种近亲联姻在当时还是较为常见的。此外,《进士登科录》上所载进士的婚娶情况,统计的很可能仅是正妻,没有包括侧室。

Jingshi of Ming Dynasty: Name and Marriage

Jingshi are successful candidates in the highest imperial examinations. In Ming dynasty, the name of the Jingshi developed from two to three characters in general. There were two mothers for a Jingshi, the rate of which was 20%-30%, so was the percentage for a Jingshi to have two or more wives. There was an evidence that the marriage within a big family was common.