从历史学、人类学的视野看两性社会地位的初步分化

两性社会地位的分化是在历史上逐渐形成的,它是诸多文化要素相互作用的结果,其根源就在于两性对社会控制力量的不同掌握.从历史学、人类学的视野来看,影响两性社会地位初步分化的社会控制力量主要表现在婚后居住方式、巫术对性别的不同选择、社会文化对女性的禁忌、战争的性别特征以及男子建立政治社会等五个方面.这些文化要素的共同作用,使得女性在社会地位的评价中逐渐处于不利的位置,两性社会地位的初步分化便因此而得以形成.

On the Preliminary Differentiation of the Social Status of the Two Genders from the Historical and Anthropological Perspective

The differentiation in social status of two genders formed gradually in history as a result of interactive effects of multiple cultural elements. The root cause is different controlling power over society of the two genders. This paper analyzes the disparity between the genders from the tribe societies to the civilized societies with the historical and anthropological perspective. From the point of social control, it analyzes the catalytic function of some cultural elements, including residential models after marriage, gender characteristics in witchcraft, taboo towards women, gender characteristics in wars, the politics established by men. The above cultural elements lead to the different status between the men and women, and women became disadvantaged gradually in the appraisal of social status.