增长、分配与社会分化--对拉丁美洲国家社会贫富分化问题的考察

最近50多年来,拉丁美洲地区各国经历了经济增长、贫富分化、分配不公、贫困加剧、经济低迷、社会冲突、政治动荡的发展变迁历程。拉美地区工业化、现代化进程中的这些矛盾、问题和困境,被称为“拉美现象”。在过去的50年间,拉美地区经济上经历了前30年的经济增长和后20年的经济衰退时期,政治上经历了由军事独裁走向民主政治的变迁过程。但不论经济、政治情况如何变化,分配不公、贫富分化、贫困加剧、社会动荡的局面一直未得到改变或好转。拉美地区长期贫富分化、社会冲突的原因很多,但社会财富长期过于集中,城市就业矛盾突出,社会保障政策不公和国家社会控制能力弱化是其深层原因。

Growth, Allocation and Social Splits

For over 50 years,Latin American countries have experienced the long journey of economy growth,splits between the rich and poor,unequal allocation, poverty aggravating,lower growth,social conflicts and political upheaval.These conflicts,problems and plights in the process of industrialization and modernization are called "Latin Phenomenon".During the 50 years,Latin economy had experienced growth for the first 30 years and recession for the proceeding 20 years;politics had walked from military totalitarianism to democracy.No matter how economy and politics were,however,the situation of unequal allocation,splits between the rich and poor,poverty aggravating and social turbulence had not been changed or improved.The cause lies various,but the unduly concentration of social wealth for long,the protrusion of employment problem,unjust social security policy and the weakening of the state control are root causes.