社会网络资源在职业配置中的作用*

本文运用大规模问卷调查资料探讨了社会网络资源在职业配置中的具体作用。我们的主要研究发现是：（1）人力资本和政治资本较贫乏、经济地位较高的人更可能频繁使用社会网络资源以实现职业流动；（2）运用社会网络资源的职业流动者比不用者的求职效率低，但前者的目标收入却高于后者；（3）运用社会网络资源的职业流向是从政府部门和国有企业流向个体、集体、外资合营、外国独资、新经济部门或无主管上级的市场化的经济实体；（4）社会网络资源的运用，对劳职配置的吻合程度没有显著的影响。

Functions of Social Network Resources in Job Matching in Urban China

Based on a large-scale survey completed in 1999 in urban Tianjin, we have explored the substantive functions of social network resources in job matching. Our major findings are: (1) people with less human and political capital but at a higher economic status tend to frequently utilize social network resources to fulfill their occupational mobility; (2) job searchers using social networks are less efficient but target higher incomes than those who do not depend upon such networks; (3) the direction of job mobility through social networks is from government agencies and state-owned enterprises to self- or collective-owned companies, international joint ventures, foreign firms, new-economy agencies, or other market sectors with no administration at superior levels; and (4) utilization of social network resources has no significant effects on job matching.