论WTO《SPS协定》“适用地区”条款及我国的对策

WTO《实施卫生与植物卫生措施协定》(Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosani-tary Measures,简称SPS协定)第六条"适应地区条件"将地区划分为"疫病非疫区"和"低度流行区",由于该条在解释上留有一定的弹性并且国际社会缺乏统一的规范文件,致使适用时出现了许多问题。该条规定的价值取向是既要保护本国或地区内的人员或动植物免受其他地区病虫害之威胁,又要促进成员方国际贸易的发展。要同时实现这两种目标,建立病虫害非疫区并赋予成员方根据其适当保护水平之需要确定合适的贸易地区之权利不失为一种可行的办法。我国应以SPS委员会的各项相关制度为根据,加强与相关国际组织的联系,积极研究我国主要农产品进出口成员之卫生和植物卫生状况和适当保护水平,在此基础上完善对病虫害非疫区或低度流行区承认的法律制度,促进我国对外贸易的发展。

On the Article of Adaptation of Regional Conditions of the WTO SPS Agreement and China’s Countermeasures

Article 6 of the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures(short for SPS Agreement) divides adaptation of regional conditions areas into pest-or disease-free areas and areas of low pest or disease prevalence.Some problems appear due to the flexibility on the explanation of this article and lack of standard documents in the international society.The value orientation of this article is to prevent people,animals and plants from the threat of alien harmful pests,and also to promote the development of international trade of members.It’s a feasible method of establishing the pest-or disease-free areas and authorizing the members the rights to determine the appropriate trade areas in accordance with the requirements of the protection level in order to reach these two objectives.China should strengthen the connection with the relevant international organizations according to the systems of the SPS Committee,actively research the sanitary and phytosanitary conditions and the proper protection level of the main agriculture imports and exports productions members,and also improve the legal system of the confirmation of pest-or disease-free areas or district of low popular harmful pests and diseases,so as to stimulate the development of China’s foreign trade.