孟子“践形”的德性身体观初探

先秦儒家发展到孟子,不仅发展出相对成熟的心性论,与之相应也包含着相对深刻的身体理论。孟子论心—气关系、心—气—形关系,开拓的儒家身体观的重要向度:“践形”的德性身体观。儒家理想身体主体是对始源之身的恢复与修持,是德性精神充盈于内显发于外的身心一如的生命整一体,以此提供给当下的身体理论发展一个思考的契机。

The Jianxing Theory of Mencius' Ideal Corporal Subjectivity

Mencius has not only the relatively well-developed theory of xinxing 心性 (mind), but also the corresponding body theory. This article analyzes the relationship between Xin 心 (mind) and qi 气, and the xin-qi-xing relationship 心-气-形 in Mencius theory, and explores the important dimension of the Confucian idea of body advanced by Mencius: the jianxing 践形moral body, which is Mencius’ ideal corporal subjectivity. It can be concluded that the Confucian ideal corporal subjectivity is the result from its restoration and maintenance of the original body. It is the life integration of body and mind, where moral spirit fills and then exhibits. Mencius' ideal corporal subjectivity theory provides a chance for the development of modern body theory.