公共政策伦理标准的哲学论争

公共政策应该持何种伦理标准,国外学者争议颇多。功利主义者认为公共政策应当坚持功利原则,也就是最大多数人幸福原则;诺齐克则坚持认为正义就是正义的持有,公共政策应当坚持这一原则;罗尔斯从社会合作理念出发,坚持认为公共政策制定必须合乎从远处状态推出的两个正义原则;阿马蒂亚森从自由的发展理念出发,坚持认为公共政策的伦理标准是基本能力平等原则;德沃金从接受市场的不平等出发,认为公共政策制定必须坚持资源平等原则。这些争论都只考虑了政策的一个方面。公共政策必须坚持公共利益为基本价值导向,这才是公共政策的更为基本的伦理原则。

The debate in philosophy for the ethics criterion of public policy

The overseas scholars dispute quite a lot about what ethics criterion of public policy should be held.Utilitarianism declares that the public policy must stick to the utility principle,one of the happiness for the overwhelming majority of the people;Nozic contends that justice is the sense of justice and the public policy must keep this principle;Jhon Rawls embarks from the social cooperation idea,he insists that the formulation of public policy must conform with two principles which are promoted from the distant place state,while Amarty Sen embarks from the free development idea who insists that the ethics criterion of public policy is the basic capability equal principle;Ronand Dworkin believes that the formulation of the public policy must conform with the resource equal principle,because the market is not equal.All of these arguments have only considered the policy aspect.The authors argue that public policy should regard the public interests as the basic value guidance,because only the public interests underly the foundational ethics principle of public policy.