朝鲜战争中美国"战争局部化"政策的形成

朝鲜战争期间,美国的军事干涉经历了一个复杂的变化过程,即从1950年6月25日战争爆发后,美国政府决定将军事千预的目标确定为使朝鲜半岛恢复到6月25日以前的状态,后在军事胜利的影响下于9月底决定用武力统一朝鲜,再到中国人民志愿军连续发起三次战役后,美国政府内部经过反复讨论、权衡,终于下决心推行"战争局部化"的政策,并最终决定与中朝军队进行停战谈判.通过分析,揭示了从中国参战到1951年6月美国提出举行停战谈判这一时期的美国战争决策过程和影响美国决策的主要因素.

The United States'policy- making of "the war localization" during the Korean War

The United States' military intervention during the Korean War has gone through a complex process. When the Korean War just broke out in June 25, 1950, Truman administration made the decision that the U.S. military intervention would be aimed at the recovery of state before June 25 on the Korean peninsula. Under the influence of military triumph at the end of September, the United States decided to unify the peninsula by military force. Finally Truman administration made the decision of "the Korean War localization" based on a long domestic discussion and balance after Chinese troops launched three campaigns, and decided to reach an armistice with China and North Korea. This paper describes the process of the United States' policy-making from the time when Chinese troops stepped into the Korean War till June 1951 when the United States decided to reach an armistice. It also describes the main factors that had impact on the United States' policy-making during the time.