风险社会之动因、结构与后果——基于中西方的比较研究

作为后发型国家，中国正以史无前例的速度步入现代社会，在全球化的外力推动与国家内部转型的双重驱动下，社会风险日益增多。以贝克风险社会理论为研究对象，通过中西方风险生成的动因、结构及后果相互比较，发现中国社会风险生成的动因在于制度变迁进程中总体性社会结构的松动，并进一步形成了传统、第一与第二现代性共同叠加的社会形态，社会结构也呈现出个体化、身份群体多元化与阶层固化的特征，其后果表现为社会中多重风险相互交织与对抗，国家治理能力现代化正是针对风险社会治理的制度化回应，风险社会理论研究要侧重于本土化转向，从而为风险治理提供理论支持。

The Motivation,Structure and Consequences of the Risk Society——A Comparative Research of Chinese and Western

As a late-development country, China is at an unprecedented speed into the modern society. Under the dual driving forces of globalization as the external force and national transformation as an internal force, social risks are increasing. Taking Beck''s risk society theory as the research object, the paper made comparative study on the causes of the risks, motivation, structure and consequences between China and the west, finding that the motivation of the risk of Chinese society lies in the loosening of the social structure due to institutional change, which further leads to superimposing and overlapping of the tradition, the first and second modernity. Social structure evinces the characteristics of individualization, diversification of identity and class-stratification. Multiple risks are intertwined and different groups fight each other in society. Modernization of national governance is the institutional responses against the risk of social governance. Theory of risk society should focus on the localization and provides theoretical support for risk management.