论清初定都及其历史意蕴

从赫图阿拉到北京的都城运动对于清王朝而言是一个巨大的时空跨越和历史转折。定都北京，使清王朝势力由关外一隅迅速推向全国，由一个地方政权迅速变成统一国家的统治者。由满洲之君变成了华夏诸民族的皇帝。定都北京是中国都城发展的向心运动。符合中国古都发展的客观规律和民族融合的历史趋势。对中华民族的大融合以及北京的发展具有极大的推动作用。并使北京在民族大融合和统一的多民族国家的巩固等方面发挥了特殊的作用。清朝都城以京师为根本、以“三山五园”为补充、以避暑山庄为“行在”、以盛京为后院。构成了不同于以往的都城发展格局。

On the Establishment of the Capital of Qing Dynasty and its Historical Implication

The capital movement from Hetuala to Beijing is a great historical turning point in capital development. The establishment of the capital in Beijing made the Manchu power spread from northeast China to the whole country, making a local power into a power of a unified country and a governor of Manchu into an emperor of different ethnic groups of china. The establishment of the capital in Beijing was an endocentric movement of capital development. It corresponded with the objective rules of capital development and the historical trends of nationalities integration. It greatly facilitated the integration of nationalities in China and the development of Beijing, playing special roles in uniting different nationalities and consolidating the unified country with different ethnic groups. The capital of Manchu constituted a different layout from previous capitals featuring with making Jingshi as the base, mountains and gardens as supplement, summer resort as temporary living place and Shengjing as Backyard.