从马克思到布坎南：关于国家与市场作用的思考

本文回顾了从马克思对市场经济自由主义理论的批判以及从奥地利学派到哈耶克市场经济自由主义理论思潮再次崛起的历史过程。以往的讨论总是在有缺陷的市场和不完美的政府之间进行选择。本文则以为,从经济分析上说只有当政府干预失灵的净损失小于市场失灵的净损失时,政府的干预才应该是合理的;政府和市场的关系应当是相互补充、各自均应吸取对方的优点来改进自身的缺点以提高自身的效率;而如何找到二者结合的最佳均衡以提高经济运行的效率,这才是现代经济学要重点解决的问题。就此而言,布坎南的宪政思想主张对我们无疑具有一定的启发性。

From Marx to Buchanan: Reflections on State and the Functions of Market

This paper gives a historical account of Marx''s criticism of liberalism of market economy and the historical process from the Austrian School to Hayek''s liberalism of market economy. The past criticism always focused on either the defective market or the imperfect government. The paper holds that the government intervention is reasonable only when the net loss caused by the failure of the government intervention is less than that caused by the market failure. The government and the market should be mutually supplementary by absorbing each other''s merits and improving efficiency. In order to improve the efficiency of economic operation, modern economics should focus on the study of the optimum balance between the two, and Buchanan''s constitutional and political ideas can shed light on our understanding of the relationship between state and market.