20世纪末的挑战--爱尔斯特及其分析学派的马克思主义研究

20世纪70年代以后,欧美国家出现了一股运用分析哲学方法研究马克思主义的理论思潮,这种思潮各个代表人物的观点和倾向极不相同.以美国学者爱尔斯特为代表的一种分析学派的马克思主义研究,突出体现了语义分析、逻辑分析、科学和数学分析等分析哲学方法,更重要的是,向马克思主义学说提出了一系列的挑战.对马克思的方法论基础、这个学说的产生的背景,对马克思的异化理论、唯物史观、意识形态理论、剩余价值学说和资本主义剥削等理论全面系统地提出了质疑.爱尔斯特并宣称马克思这些最重要的思想成果已经死去,只有一些无关紧要的东西还继续存活着.对爱尔斯特这些以新颖学理形式向马克思主义发动的诘难,我们必须预以严肃回应.我们必须在与当代各种错误思潮的论争与交锋中建设和发展马克思主义.

Challenges at the End of the 20th Century--Elster ＆ His Analytical Study of Marxism

Since the 1970s, there has emerged a theoretical tendency of studying Marxism in terms of analytic philosophy. Yet the representatives of this school held quite different views and inclinations from each other. An analytical study of Marxism, represented by American Scholar Jon Elster, is especially remarkable for its semantic, logical, scientific analysis. What is more important is its challenges to Marxism. Elster systematically and comprehensively questions the basis of Marxist methodology, the reasonability of the generation of Marxism, the theory of alienation, of historical materialism, of ideology, of surplus value and the capitalist exploitation. He claims that these most important achievements of Marxism are dead already, and what remain alive are some trivialities. To such challenges raised by Elster we have no choice but to meet. We must develop Marxism in competing with all kinds of wrong contemporary schools.