拉美国家现代化进程中的军人政权

在拉美国家的现代化进程中，军人一直发挥着重要的作用。19世纪前半期，军人考迪罗是拉美政治的主宰者；19世纪70年代以后，伴随着拉美国家现代化的启动，军人职业化的发展，军人干政的现象逐渐消失；20世纪30年代的大萧条，使军人再度活跃于拉关政治舞台；二战后，特别是冷战时期，军事学说的变化、军队专业化水平的提高、社会和政治危机，促使一系列拉美国家在20世纪60-70年代建立了军人政权；20世纪80年代后，拉美实现了军人政权向文人政权的过渡，但是，拉美国家是否解决了军人干政的问题，仍值得关注。

The Military Role in Latin America's Process of Modernization

The military has played an important role in the process of modernization in Latin America. In the first half of the 19th century, the caudillos used to dominate Latin America's politics, but the military intervention in politics gradually disappeared after the 1870s along with the outset of the modernization and military professionalization. The Great Depression in the 1930s, however, reactivated the military intervention. After the Second World War, especially during the Cold War period, the change of military ideology, the raised level of military professionalization, and social and political crises, jointly led to the establishment of a series of military governments in the 1960s and the 1970s. Although civil governments have replaced military governments after the 1980s, it is still uncertain whether the problem of military intervention has been resolved.