"文艺团体是一切作家,一切文艺工作者的自由结社"——冯雪峰文学社团观侧论

冯雪峰认为,“文艺团体是一切作家,一切文艺工作者的自由结社”,“文艺上的团体,绝不能代替政治的结社”,也就是说,文艺社团的灵魂是自由的,文艺社团与政治组织应当有区别,这表明他对文艺社团高度政治化、政党化、行政化倾向的警觉。冯还认为,文艺团体的根本目的是为推进人民的精神自由服务的,这又表明其文艺社团观具有鲜明的政治目的性。作为一种理论预设,这本身就蕴含着不可调和的逻辑悖论。即一方面把文艺社团看作一切作家、一切文艺工作者的自由结社,另一方面又把文艺组织看作是革命斗争的工具。解放后的冯雪峰一度身居文艺界高层要职,既享受到体制化、政治化文艺组织给他带来的种种政治、经济上的实惠,又饱受体制化、政治化文艺组织给他带来的一系列灾难。虽说他和他的同道者们举办同人刊物理想的破灭了,但它对建国初期文学生态的体制化与反体制化、政治化与反政治化的双方力量消长,都产生一定的影响。

Some Random Thoughts on Feng Xuefeng''''s View on Literary Societies

This paper aims to examine Feng Xuefeng's view on the nature of literary societies and groups.Feng Xuefeng believed that a literary society comes from free association of all interested writers and workers and that the literary society should not function as a political party.However,Feng also maintained that a literary society should strive for the promotion of the people's spiritual freedom.This is clearly a logical paradox in that Feng Xuefeng argued for the freedom of literary societies while regarding literary creation as a revolutionary tool.The author concludes that Feng's view exerted some influence on the literary world in the early years of the People's Republic of China.