宋朝置场收购的法规与执行

宋朝政府购买体系中的置场收购,在法律层面上和实际执行层面上都是最常规最基本的购买办法。宋人通常把置场收购视为比较公平合理的交易方式,且往往将之作为制止强制性征购的一种手段。置场收购的给价之所以较为优惠,与宋政府优价惠民、避免谷贱伤农的政治需要和经济政策有一定关系,但更深层次的原因还在于这种交易方式面临的制度状况和市场环境。虽然置场收购一定程度上能做到自愿买卖,但它自身仍然存在强买强卖问题。说明在官民双方交易主体严重不平等的情况下,难以实现真正意义上的自由买卖、公平交易,尽管法律条文有着严密且严格的规定。

Statutes and Execution of the Zhichang Purchase in the Song Dynasty

The Zhichang purchase in the purchase system of the Song government, is the most conventional and fundamental way of purchase both in law and practical execution. People of that time usually regard the kind of purchase as the comparatively fair and reasonable style of trade, and make it a means to prevent compulsory purchase. The fairly preferential price of the Zhichang purchase has something to do with the political needs and economic policies of the Song government, but the deeper reason lies in the relative system condition and market environment. Although to some extent, the voluntary deal can be realized in the Zhichang purchase, the problem of forced business still exists. It is indicated that the real free business and fair trade can hardly be attained under the circumstances of grave inequality between the government and the people, no matter how tight and strict are the legal provisions.