科举世家的再生产——以明清时期常州科举世家为例

本文以考察明清时期的科举世家的形成过程,来窥见明清时期社会流动性的一斑。对于常州科举世家之一的恽家,以他们的族谱为主要的资料,实行统计性的分析。根据族谱的《世表》,把父子关系、个人属性表现在表格上。使用在表格上的数据,以Odds ratio来测定科举地位的继承率。其结果,关于地位继承,围绕科举合格者的祖父,父亲,母亲,姊妹各有独立性的影响力,尤其是母亲(包括她娘家人)和姊妹(包括她婆家人)的影响比较强。考察族谱传记等的记载。可以发现督课、家学等科举世家特有的文化资本与规范,母亲也在娘家承受过这些资本等,父母祖父互相补缺,完备家庭的文化环境,子女自然地体会到他们所属的文化。承受家学的女儿有机会跟地位比自己父祖高的家族结亲。在本家衰落的乾道时期,通过那些姻亲之间的教育援助,让本家人员返回到科第连绵的道路。可见对于科举世家的形成过程,女性起到了关键性的作用。

Reproduction of a Gentry Elite Family in Changzhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

In this study,we analyzed a particular fanuly llne that had produced many successful candidates who had passed the Civil Service Examination (C.S.E) in the late Ming and Qing times.Based on their genealogical recorde,we implemented a statistical analysis d the transmission rate of C.S.E's title as Odds-ratio from older generations by the da- ta show the relationship between father and son,and by attribution data.The results show father,grandfather,mother, and sister have each effect on a successful candidat...