知识密集型服务业对城市创新的贡献:基于演进经济学和制度经济学的视角

本文的目的是建立理论定位，理解后工业化社会中服务业在创新中所扮演的角色。通过演化经济学和制度经济学的方法，理解创新中某些专业性服务业的角色并解析它们对英国和德国大都市地区经济发展的重要性。文章认为，可以从演化经济学和制度经济学的理论角度，理解知识密集型服务业（KIBS）在创新中所扮演的角色。从这个角度看，城市经济是随着时间的推移独立成长起来的、路径依赖的交互式学习体系，其显著特征是网络化的生产体系，在该体系中，KIBS在城市内外的行动者之间进行定制知识的转换中扮演关键角色。因此笔者认为，KIBS对其所在城市的创新有特殊贡献，应该建立系统的理论方法来理解目前仍处于实践层面的服务业尤其是KIBS在创新中的角色，同时指出专业服务业的选址也十分重要。

The Contribution of KIBS to Innovation in Cities:An Evolutionary and Institutional Perspective

The purpose of this paper is to begin to develop a theoretical position for understanding the role of services in innovation in post-industrial societies. This study develops an evolutionary and institutional approach to understand the role of certain specialist services in innovation and illustrate how significant they are for the economies of large metropolitan areas in England and Germany. The paper argues that the role of knowledge intensive business services （KIBS） in innovation may be understood theoretically in terms of evolutionary and institutional economics. From this perspective it is argued that urban economies are path dependent interactive learning systems that develop individually through time. They are increasingly characterized by networked production systems in which KIBS play a key role in the transfer of bespoke knowledge between actors both within and from outside individual cities. As a result the authors argue that KIBS make a significant and place specific contribution to innovation in the cities where they are located. The paper suggests a systematic theoretical approach to understanding the currently under-theorized role of services in general and KIBS in particular in innovation. It also points to the importance of the geography of specialized services.